Slight Uptick in Rate of Fatal Injuries in 2023

According to numbers compiled by The Jockey Club for its Equine Injury Database (EID), there were 1.32 fatalities per 1,000 starts at North American racetracks in 2023. That was slightly worse than in 2022 when the number was 1.25, the lowest rate of fatalities since The Jockey Club started compiling numbers in 2009. It was the first time the number had increased year-over-year since 2018 when there were 1.68 fatalities per 1,000 starters.

Nonetheless, the figures showed that the sport has made obvious strides since 2009 when it comes to fatalities. In 2009, the rate was 2.0 per 1,000 starters. When compared to 2009, 2023 shows a 34% decrease in risk of fatal injury.

“This change is statistically significant,” said Professor Tim Parkin (University of Bristol), who has consulted on the EID since its inception. “This is equivalent to 171 fewer horses sustaining a fatal injury racing in 2023 than would have occurred had the number of starts remained constant since 2009.”

The 2023 figures were the second lowest since the EID began compiling numbers, surpassed only by 2022.

Analysis of the EID was provided Parkin and by Dr. Euan Bennet of the University of Glasgow.

“There was a slight increase in the rate of fatality from 2022 to 2023 of 5.6%,” Parkin said. “However, this is not statistically significant, and we are encouraged by the low numbers in 2023 that the industry is still headed in the right direction with regard to keeping its horses safe.”

Based on the 2023 data, 99.87% of flat racing starts at the racetracks participating in the EID were completed without a fatality.

Once again, synthetic tracks proved to be the safest among the three types of racing surfaces. There were 0.97 deaths per 1,000 starters on synthetic tracks, 1.13 on turf courses, and 1.43 on dirt tracks.

Races for 2-year-olds proved to be the safest types of races.  There were 0.79 fatalities per 1,000 starters in those races versus 1.37 for 3-year-old races and 1.38 for races for 4-year-olds an upward.

By distance, races run at less than six furlongs showed the fewest fatalities at 1.22 per 1,000. Races run from six to eight furlongs had a rate of 1.37 and for races longer than eight furlongs, the number was 1.32.

During the year, the problems of horses breaking down were magnified by a rash of fatalities at Churchill Downs and Saratoga. At Saratoga in 2023, the rate of breakdowns was 2.55 per 1,000 starters. Churchill Downs does not make its numbers public.

Among tracks that had meets of more than 10 days, one stood out. There were zero fatalities at Del Mar during its racing seasons.

Racetracks under the jurisdiction of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority (HISA) fared better than non-HISA tracks in 2023. There were 1.23 fatalities per 1,000 starters at HISA tracks, while the number at non-HISA track was 1.63.

“HISA's most important goal is driving down equine fatalities,” said HISA CEO Lisa Lazarus. “We undoubtedly have significant work ahead of us, but I am pleased to see the rate is trending in the right direction. The reduction in the rate of equine fatalities at tracks under our jurisdiction demonstrates that setting high standards for racetrack safety and anti-doping and medication control across the country makes Thoroughbred racing safer.”

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The Week in Review: HISA Needs to Expand Oversight to Include 2-Year-Old Sales

The team at the Ocala Breeders' Sales Company does everything it can to run a clean sale. Under OBS's conditions of sale, no medication may be administered within 24 hours of a horse's under-tack performance, 10 to 15% of the horses who are going to sell are tested, and in 2019, OBS prohibited the use of bronchodilators like Clenbuterol at all of its sales.

It may not be enough.

The Jeffrey Englehart story has suggested that may be the case. Englehart bought a Classic Empire colt at the OBS auction last year on June 15. Some five months later the horse, which was unraced and unnamed, broke down while working at Finger Lakes and had to be euthanized. In such a case, the deceased horse is tested by the Horseracing Integrity and Welfare Unit (HIWU), an arm of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority (HISA). The horse, identified as Fast Heart 2021 (the dam is Fast Heart and the horse was born in 2021), tested positive for Clenbuterol.

Englehart, facing a possible suspension of up to two years, was adamant that he never gave the horse the drug and speculated that Fast Heart 2021 was given Clenbuterol leading up to the sale in hopes that it would help the horse to work faster and sell for more. Last week, HIWU cleared Englehart after the results of a segmented hair test showed that the Clenbuterol was in fact given to the horse prior to Englehart taking possession.

The colt was purchased for $4,000 at the Fasig-Tipton Kentucky October Yearling Sale Oct. 26, 2022. The purchaser was Juan Centeno, who entered the horse back in the Ocala sale. Centeno sells under the name of All Dreams Equine. Since the story broke, Centeno has not responded to attempts made by the TDN to get his side of the story.

Englehart bought two horses from Centeno's consignment. On his own, Englehart said he paid to have a segmented hair test done on the other horse, a filly named She She's Shadow (Bucchero). According to Englehart, that horse also tested positive for Clenbuterol.

Englehart charged that Clenbuterol use is “rampant” at 2-year-old sales.

“I think if they did a hair test on every horse (entered in a 2-year-old sale) 70 to 80% would be positive for Clenbuterol,” Englehart said.

That may or may not be the case, but if a PED can result in a horse working just a fraction of a second faster than it would have without drugs, it could be a powerful incentive to cheat; one that can means tens of thousands of dollars to the seller.

Still another problem revolves around the use of  bisphosphonates, a controversial group of drugs used in older horses to tackle issues like navicular disease, but also used in younger horses to treat things like sore shins. Once administered, they can stay in a horse's system for years, which could mean a horse given bisphosphonates before a sale could turn up positive long after it was purchased and the current trainer would be vulnerable to suspensions and fines.

HISA and HIWU were created eliminate doping and abuse in Thoroughbred racing, which nearly everyone admits is a problem. Cheating isn't necessarily limited to the racetrack, but that is where HISA focuses almost all of its efforts. Horses aren't subjected to HISA rules and HIWU drug testing until they have had their first officially timed and published workout. That's when they become “covered” horses. As long as they don't own or train any active racehorses, 2-year-old consignors also will not be “covered” or subject to HISA/HIWU oversight and regulations.

The Englehart saga is evidence that this is a problem that needs to be rectified. That hasn't been lost on HISA.

As reported by the Paulick Report, Ann McGovern, who oversees the HISA Racetrack Safety Program, gave a presentation in June at the Track Superintendent Field Day held at Horseshoe Indianapolis. When asked about the issue of HISA having no jurisdiction over 2-year-old sales, McGovern said that in her own opinion, “It's a place that needs regulation, absolutely.”

In September, colleague T.D. Thornton wrote that HISA had initiated discussions with sales companies in an attempt to bring about voluntary compliance with medication rules and regulations.

HISA and its CEO Lisa Lazarus have plenty on their plates and making changes to what is already a complicated set of protocols and regulations is not something that can be done easily. But HISA is doing an incomplete job if it ignores such an important part off the sport as 2-year-old sales or, for that matter, all sales. At the very least, a horse should become a covered horse as soon as they turn two.

If HISA were in charge of policing the June OBS sale would the Fast Heart 2021 story have turned out any differently? That's hard to say. But with HISA staying away from sales, it stands to reason that the would-be cheaters have less to worry about if they try to beat the system.

If HISA is going to clean up racing, clean up all of racing. Huge money is involved when it comes to 2-year-old sales and getting a horse to work as fast as it can is the primary goal of many consignors. Hopefully, very few will use performance-enhancing drugs on horses about to be sold as 2-year-olds, but the incentive to do so is obviously there. HISA needs to take on a larger role that includes 2-year-old sales.

A Banner Day for the Coach

It wasn't a perfect afternoon Saturday at Oaklawn for Wayne Lukas, whose best 3-year-old colt, Just Steel (Justify), was a disappointing seventh in the GII Rebel S., dimming Lukas's hopes of winning his first GI Kentucky Derby in 25 years. But the Hall of Famer still did plenty right on Saturday. He now has a contender for the GI Kentucky Oaks after Lemon Muffin (Collected) upset the GIII Honeybee S. at odds of 28-1.

The filly was only in the race because Lukas continues to take chances that most modern-day trainers won't. Not only was Lemon Muffin still a maiden after five starts, she had never gone beyond six furlongs. But Lukas went into the race brimming with confidence.

“Watch out here,” Lukas said prior to the race. “This one has some ability. Running her in the Honeybee is not the big, giant step some might think. She is just dying to go two turns. She's got a lot of ability and is a competitive, hard-trying filly. This isn't the big step forward you might think from looking at her on paper.”

On the same card, Lukas won an allowance race with Seize the Grey (Arrogate) and finished second in the Carousel S. with Backyard Money (Midshipman)

The ever-optimistic Lukas predicts that he is going to have a big year, in large part because of the horses being funneled his way by John Bellinger and Brian Coelho, who race under the name of BC Stables LLC.

“[Bellinger and Coelho] have a beautiful set of 2-year-olds that are being prepped right now,” Lukas said. “It's an extremely good set. They've got Gun Runners, Justifys, Into Mischiefs, Quality Roads. I am going to go out on a limb and say this is my best set of 2-year-olds in years and years. We should have a helluva Saratoga. I'm getting great reviews out of Ocala on those 2-year-olds.”

No Excuses For White Abarrio

White Abbario (Race Day) threw in an absolute clunker when finishing 10th in Saturday's G1 Saudi Cup. According to co-owner Mark Cornett, the horse came out of the race fine and no one has come up with an explanation as to why he didn't fire.

“He came out of the race perfectly,” Cornett said. “He cooled out in 10 minutes and wasn't blowing, wasn't doing anything. It was like he never ran.”

The owners were contemplating a start in the G1 Dubai World Cup, but that's no longer in their plans. White Abarrio will be shipped home Feb. 29.

“We'll give him some time off, but not too much because he didn't even run,” Cornett said. “We're going to come home and re-group. We don't know yet where he's going to run. Our big goal for the summer will probably be the Whitney again. How we get there, I don't know yet. Probably we could have him ready for the Met Mile. The only thing about that is it's going to be run at Saratoga, so it's going to be a little bit different race.  They run the mile races there out of the [Wilson] chute and I'm not a fan of that.”

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Letter to the Editor: Detection of Banned Drugs in Horses

As a Clinical Pharmacologist (human) and an avid horse player, I have grown tired of these instances of biologic samples from horses having banned substances found and the “interesting” explanations as to how the exposure happened. One recent example was a story of a horse in which three samples of blood had metformin (a drug used to treat type II diabetes in humans) detected. The explanation was that a groom and later the trainer was taking metformin and “touched the horse's face.”

This explanation is questionable from a clinical pharmacology standpoint. Metformin for human use is a film coated tablet (coated with a polymer). Unless the individual taking the tablet crushes or chews it (and puts a finger in the mouth), handling the film coated tablet does not transfer metformin to the hands. Additionally, published data shows that the amount of metformin absorbed from an oral dose in a horse ranges from 3.9-7.1% (fed vs fasted state) which is minuscule. Finally, the suggested dose of metformin in horses for approved use is 15 mg/kg (7.5 grams in a 500 kg horse) versus a usual 500 mg dose in a human. Thus, horse exposure from a human dose (by rubbing the face) or even putting a finger/hand in the horse's mouth would be quite a stretch of science.

This story is not the only one that TDN readers have seen over time. We have been subjected to stories of a horse with detectable betamethasone in his blood supposedly not from an intraarticular injection but due to use of a topical product, a horse with dextromethorphan in the blood due to a groom using a cough syrup and urinating in the stall and many other stories. These explanations stretch the science of clinical pharmacology to unreasonable levels.

I'd like to offer my human-based clinical pharmacology expertise to HISA/HIWU to “solve” these human-based inaccurate explanations in terms of horse exposures to banned drugs, gratis.

Horse racing is a great sport with a long tradition. Unfortunately, stories of horses having banned substances (no matter how low the exposure) is a negative for a sport where interest at least in the USA is declining and groups like PETA show up to protest at large racing venues putting more negative attention to the sport. But, worst of all, use of banned substances is bad for the horses and aren't the horses our primary interest/concern?

Sincerely,
Joseph S. Bertino Jr., PharmD, FCP, FCCP
Guilderland, New York

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Hardy Joins HISA Horsemen’s Advisory Group

Veterinarian Dr. Michael Hardy has joined the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority's Horsemen's Advisory Group, the organization announced in a release Tuesday. The advisory group of racing industry participants was formed by HISA in 2022 to provide formal feedback to HISA's executive team and standing committees on the implementation and evolution of its Racetrack Safety and Anti-Doping and Medication Control (ADMC) regulations.

“The Horsemen's Advisory Group continues to provide HISA with invaluable input, and we're thrilled to have Dr. Michael Hardy join the group,” said HISA CEO Lisa Lazarus. “In recent months, the group has been having significant conversations revolving around veterinary protocols and scratches, and we believe it would be beneficial to include a regulatory veterinarian in these critical discussions. Having Dr. Hardy's voice as a former regulatory veterinarian with a strong understanding of everything that entails is important to us. We strive to build a program that is fair and considers the perspectives of all stakeholders. We welcome Dr. Hardy to participate and share his insights.”

Hardy, a graduate of Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, began his career as a racing regulatory veterinarian for the Kentucky Horseracing Commission in 2008. For 11 years, he served as the Chief Association Veterinarian, then transitioned to the role of Safety Director for Horseshoe Indianapolis. He is currently serving as the Executive Director of the Racetrack Medication & Testing Consortium (RMTC). He is also a member of the Breeders' Cup Veterinary Panel, and has served on the Horseracing Testing Laboratory Committee and RegVets Continuing Education Program's Committee for the RMTC.

“It's certainly an honor to be asked to serve the racing industry in this capacity. It goes without saying the role of the equine veterinarian is critical to the success of horse racing,” said Hardy. “I look forward to sharing perspective and insight into the unique responsibilities of the racing regulatory veterinarian. Relentless pursuit of a clean and safe sport for our equine and human athletes demands the collaborative efforts of all involved.”

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