Study: Whip Use Doesn’t Improve Steering, Finishing Times In Races

Researchers say a new study published in the open-access journal Animals fails to support the most common justifications for whip use in Thoroughbred racing. The research team was led by cultural anthropologist Dr. Kirrilly Thompson and its third author was Dene Stansall, horse consultant for the animal rights group Animal Aid in Britain. The team set out to examine whether whips improved a rider's ability to steer, prevent interference, and to ride horses out to their best ability.

Whip use is believed to give every horse, jockey, owner and trainer an equal chance of winning. Researchers say that the idea of whip use being critical to racing integrity is a cultural belief and that its actual impact on steering and safety have not previously been scientifically studied.

For the study, the team looked at stewards' reports for 125 British flat races that included 1,178 jockeys and their horses. Of these, 67 races were considered “hands and heels” races, where whips were carried but not used, and 59 races where whip use was permitted.

The team compared stewards' reports between hands and heels races and conventional races and determined there was no significant difference between the two groups as far as interference or drifting on course or reported incidents of jockey misbehavior. Steward reports in both categories indicated an urgent need to improve steering, which prompted the team to suggest racehorses be better trained to respond to weight shifting or opening a rein to prevent drifting.

The team also found no statistical difference between finishing times in hands and heels versus conventional whip races, which researchers interpreted to mean that horses were no more compelled to maximum performance by use of the whip. The study did not appear to examine differences in an individual horse's performance in races with and without conventional whip use.

The team recommends whipping-free races could be adopted without compromising racing integrity. They also note that any costs to introducing whipping-free races would be exceeded by the benefits to horse welfare and public perception.

Read the full study here.

Read more at HorseTalk.

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Monmouth Jockeys Upset Over New Whip Rules

Several of the regulars who ride at Monmouth Park say they were never consulted by the New Jersey Racing Commission (NJRC) before banning the use of the whip starting in 2021 and, if they were, they would have told regulators they were out of touch and creating an untenable situation.

“This is a really, really, really bad decision,” said Antonio Gallardo, who is fourth in the current standings. “You can’t just take the whip right away like that. If they wanted to put in a rule like they have in Europe, where you can’t whip the horse more than something like eight times, I’d have been fine with that. But what they did is just take the whip away. It’s ridiculous.”

Beginning with the opening day of next year’s Monmouth meet, New Jersey will become the first state to outright ban the use of the whip. The only exception is when a rider feels it is needed for safety purposes. The measure was approved by a 4-0 vote at Sept. 16 meeting of the NJRC.

“The prohibition of the use of riding crops, except when necessary for the safety of horse or rider, will be perceived in a positive light by the general public,” read a statement from the NJRC. “The proposed repeal and new rules are of the utmost importance in adapting the industry to avoid the currently negative public perception of whipping a horse.”

Among the eight Monmouth riders interviewed by the TDN, only newcomer Ferrin Peterson supported the whip ban.

“I have no problem with the new rule,” she said. “I think it will reward good horsemanship, and riders may have to rely upon different skills, but at the end of the day, horses love to run no matter how we encourage them to do so.”

The others were against the change and brought up a number of issues, including safety concerns, uncompetitive racing and that commissioners who have little knowledge of racing and horsemanship are behind the changes.

Joe Bravo, who has won 13 riding titles at Monmouth, said that the changes fail to take into account several factors and the whip ban will “change horse racing as we know it.” Among Bravo’s concerns is his belief that the elimination of the whip will fundamentally change the way races are run.

“I am shocked by this,” he said. “This rule takes away all the competition that makes up a horse race. The competitiveness of the race will be the biggest change. How do you get horses that are next to one another to go on and fight and have a race down the lane? There will be no competition. Horses are pack animals. They follow one another. How will you get them to pass one another? From a competitive standpoint, these races will be really dull.”

Gallardo agrees with Bravo’s point and says that there is going to be backlash when it comes to the bettors.

“Who’s going to want to bet on Monmouth Park? Nobody will bet on it,” he said. “One hundred percent, nobody will bet on Monmouth with no whips. If nobody bets there will be no money. No money, no racing. Game over.”

Paco Lopez, Monmouth’s leading rider and someone known for an aggressive style, said there are horses that will not give their best without encouragement. Take the whip away, he said, and there will be horses that will underperform.

“I’m not happy about (the new whip rule),” he said. “This will change the races a lot. There are some horses that really need the whip. People are paying a lot of money for these horses and when you can use the whip any horse can win.”

Lopez also mentioned safety factors, which has become a common refrain from riders throughout the country as more and more states look to either ban the whip or curb its use. The jockeys say the whip is a tool to keep them safe when a horse starts to otherwise become uncontrollable.

“This is going to make it more dangerous,” Jose Ferrer said. “You need the whip to correct the horse. These horses have their own minds. The whip is a weapon we have to be able to control the horse.”

Said jockey Jorge A. Vargas: “This will make it a lot more difficult when you are trying to keep a horse straight. You won’t have anything to make them do what you want them to do. They know that when they feel something, it means they are doing something wrong, that you are telling them they have to do it right. This will make it more dangerous. They will do stuff that you might not be able to see on a replay or watching the race live, but the jockey feels something and you have to correct them right away. It’s not like you can just talk to them and make them understand.”

So far as public perception goes, jockey Hector Diaz, Jr. said that people should understand that the jockeys are not abusing the horse when using the whip.

“I became a rider four years ago and they have changed the whip already three times, making it safer,” he said. “With the whips we are using right now, I don’t feel like we are hurting the horse. It makes more noise than anything else. It’s soft. Nobody should abuse the horse and nobody should hit them five, six times in a row. I can only talk about myself, but when you see me riding I never hit my horse more than two or three times in a row. I hit them once, twice and let them respond. I don’t think I abuse the horse.”

Ferrer also described himself as the type of rider who does not go overboard with the whip.

“I love my horses and I never want to abuse them,” he said. “It is something you need to pick them up or wake them up a little bit. We are not abusing these horses.”

Had the NJRC conferred with the jockeys, those are the stories they would have heard. While that may not have changed the minds of any of the commissioners, the jockeys feel their opinions should have been taken into account.

“You have people who don’t really know the industry calling the shots,” said veteran Chris DeCarlo. “They’ve never come down and asked for our opinion, which I think they should. They can’t just make these rules up without asking us.”

“They did something overnight without asking any of the riders or the horsemen,” Bravo said. “How can four people with very limited knowledge of horsemanship vote in this ruling? I’ve seen where (NJRC Executive Director) Judith Nason said she rides horses. With all due respect, that’s in a riding ring. They came in and, overnight, voted in something that’s going to change horse racing as we know it.”

But Bravo admitted that, at this point, there is little the riders can do other than come back next year and try their best to make the necessary adjustments.

“I don’t know what we can do,” he said. “As they say, there is no fighting City Hall.”

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New Jersey Enacts Nation’s Most Stringent Whipping Ban

Starting at next year’s Monmouth Park meet, whipping a Thoroughbred will not be allowed by any New Jersey jockey or exercise rider except for the express purpose of ensuring the immediate safety of the horse or rider.

Spanning three new rules covering prohibition, allowable usage for safety, and whip construction, the trio of regulations were voted in 4-0 by the New Jersey Racing Commission (NJRC) at its Sept. 16 meeting, making the state the first in the nation to ban whipping beyond protection in an emergency situation.

If a jockey or exercise rider uses the riding crop in a manner contrary to the new rules, he or she will be subject to a fine, suspension, or forfeiture of the jockey’s share of the purse “if, in the opinion of the stewards, the unauthorized use of the whip caused the horse to achieve a better placing,” the new rules state.

Judith Nason, the NJRC’s executive director, said the new regulations could be approved by the state office of administrative law in time to go into effect at the tail end of this autumn’s Meadowlands-at-Monmouth meet.

But after fielding a question about timing from Dennis Drazin, the chairman and chief executive of Darby Development LLC, which operates Monmouth, Nason said the commission is open to waiting until 2021 to begin enforcement in Thoroughbred races (the rule also covers Standardbred racing).

“That would give us a chance to meet with the jockeys and educate the jockeys regarding the new rule,” Nason said.

If a rider does use the whip on a horse, the rules state that the strike shall not be “in a manner that causes any visible sign, mark, welt, or break in the skin of the horse, or that is otherwise excessive.”

The rules continue: “If the riding crop is used, under the supervision of the stewards, there shall be a visual inspection of each horse following each race for evidence of excessive or brutal use of the riding crop.”

The whips must be “soft-padded [and] have a shaft and a soft tube” that does not exceed eight ounces in weight or 30 inches in length, with a minimum shaft diameter of three-eighths of one inch.

“The shaft, beyond the grip, must be smooth, with no protrusions or raised surface, and covered by shock absorbing material that gives a compression factor of at least one millimeter throughout its circumference,” the regulations state.

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Caballero Suspended for Whip Infraction at Parx

Parx Racing suspended jockey Hector Caballero for 10 days because of his “misuse of the riding crop” after the finish of the 10th race at Parx July 27. The incident occurred aboard Belongs to Babe in a maiden for fillies 3-year-old’s and up. On the date in question, Caballero and Belong to Babe crossed the wire in second behind Solid Gold Dancer, who was subsequently disqualified for interference with another rival. During the gallop out, Caballero struck his mount on the shoulder, which is in violation of the State’s recently implemented rules relating to whip use.

Following a July 30 hearing, the Pennsylvania State Horse Racing Commission stewards issued the ruling Aug. 3. The suspension is to run from Aug. 6-15.

Among the rules deemed by stewards to have been violated by Caballero:

  • “Prohibited use of the riding crop includes but is not limited to striking a horse: During the post parade or after the finish of the race except when necessary to control the horse.”
  • The stimulus provided by the use of the riding crop shall be monitored by the Stewards at all times so as not to compromise the health, safety and welfare of the horse.”
  • “A licensee shall not, alone or in concert with another person, engage in inappropriate, illegal or unethical conduct which violates the Commission’s rules and regulations of racing, is inconsistent with the best interests and integrity of racing or otherwise undermines the general public’s faith, public perception and confidence in the racing industry.”

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