Anemia in humans often manifests as tiredness or weakness. The condition is caused by a lack of enough healthy red blood cells to carry enough oxygen to their tissues, and often leads to compromised metabolic and immune system functions. Though the causes can vary, some types of anemia can be prevented by eating a healthy, varied diet that includes a plethora of vitamins and minerals.
Iron-deficiency anemia in horses is rare, but it does happen. Most horses get sufficient amounts of iron in their diet from hay, pasture, and commercial feeds. An average horse needs 400 to 500 mg of iron per 500 kg of body weight, reports Dr. Gulsah Kaya Karasu of AGG Equine Nutrition Consulting in EQUUS magazine.
Horses may end up with anemia because of blood loss (causes may include an injury, cancer, or ulcers), reduced blood cell production, or blood cell destruction.
Some infections, like equine infectious anemia, can lead to red blood cell destruction, as can a heavy worm burden, particularly large strongyles. Chronic kidney disease, cancer, and a few other disorders can prevent a horse from making adequate red blood cells.
An anemic horse will have pale mucous membranes and an increased heart rate, in addition to being sluggish. Adding additional iron to the affected horse's diet isn't recommended as excessive iron can lead to depression, diarrhea, and compromised immune function. It can also interfere with the body's ability to absorb other minerals and increase the risk of a horse becoming insulin resistant.
Iron-related anemia is rare in horses, so a thorough investigation by a vet is recommended for diagnosis.
Read more at EQUUS.
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