Owner Ron Paolucci Pleads Guilty to Tax Fraud

Ron Paolucci, whose Loooch Racing Stables finished second nationally in wins in 2017 and 2018,  pled guilty on Feb. 28 to two counts of tax fraud and tax evasion in a federal court in Texas. Paolucci faces up to eight years in prison on the two counts, as well as $350,000 in fines. He will also be required to pay $13 million in restitution to the Internal Revenue Service.

The story was first reported by The Paulick Report.

The prosecution alleged that, during a seven-year period from 2014 through 2020, Paolucci failed to pay the IRS over $13 million in withholdings for income, Medicare and Social Security that he took from employees at companies he owned, including American Management Staffing.  Paolucci's employees allegedly received false W-2 statements from Paolucci's companies that showed that taxes had been withheld from their pay and sent to the IRS. Instead, it has been alleged that Paolucci took $13,561,116 out of his employees' checks during the period in question but never sent the money to the IRS.

Paolucci also admitted to defrauding the government when it came to his own earnings Paolucci admitted that he failed to report more than $17 million he received in compensation from AMS from 2015 to 2020. On his 2017 taxes, Paolucci reported that his wages for the year were $0 when he actually took in $3.3 million from his company AMS.

Loooch Racing Stables operated from 2011 to 2018 and piled up hundreds of wins, many of them on the Ohio racing circuit. He had 160 wins in 2017 and 215 in 2018. Loooch won a total of 871 races. At times, Paolucci branched out and was a partner on a handful of top horses, among them Ria Antonia (Rockport Harbor), the winner, via disqualification, of the 2013 GI Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies.

Paolucci was outspoken and in 2018 said he was leaving the sport because he felt he was being mistreated.

“This is a game that says it wants guys like me,” he said. “But it really doesn't. I speak my mind, run where I want to, I don't believe in the politics.”

Paolucci disbanded Loooch Racing but continued to run horses under his own name. Under the name of Ron Paolucci Racing LLC, Paolucci had 799 starts and 191 wins in 2019. He had 45 more wins in 2020 and won 10 races in 2021 . He had just one win in 2022 and has not started a horse since May 17 of last year when he had a start at Thistledown.

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The Rock on Which Cain was Raised

They had raised him-and now they were raising the roof. “I think he's number 12,” Codee Guffey was saying. “I think that's him?!” If he wasn't sure, if in fact he was nearly incredulous, it was not because he had got the number or the silks wrong. Of course he knew the horse perfectly well, muddied as he was, with that white patch on his forehead. It was just that Raise Cain (Violence) was suddenly putting it all together in pretty unrecognizable fashion, relative to five previous starts that had made him 23-1 for the GIII Gotham S.

“He was on that rail, at the turn there, but then bounced outside and got to the center of the track,” Guffey recalls. “And from there, well, he just put on a show.”

Sure, the placed horses had also been way off the early pace. But Raise Cain left them for dead, too, checked in his run before bursting seven and a half lengths clear. And whatever he does from here, Guffey and the rest of his family are ecstatic to have produced a GI Kentucky Derby contender within a decade of founding Rock Ridge Farm as complete outsiders to the industry.

Raise Cain's dam is one of only 15 mares at this boutique, 274-acre operation near Versailles, established by Guffey's uncle Kerry Smith, his wife Lou and their son Joe. It's a genuine family affair, with Guffey residing on the farm with his wife and their young daughter, while also maintaining a role in Smith's construction business. So while even the biggest Bluegrass farms would be abuzz after last Saturday's race, you can imagine the glow suffusing one as intimate as this.

“We're all over the moon,” Guffey confirms. “We can hardly believe that we raised a colt that's currently sitting fifth on the Derby leaderboard. We've had others that we thought might bring us that recognition, but you get used to your hopes getting let down. At some point you kind of become numb to it, it's just racing, you can't assume or guarantee anything.

“Raise Cain hadn't run a bad race yet: some better than others, but he'd shown the potential to run respectably. But to see him run a monster race like that was a total surprise, and had us all just extremely proud to even be associated with him. And we're very, very hopeful he'll go on from here.”

Raise Cain is out of Lemon Belle (Lemon Drop Kid), acquired for $285,000 as an 8-year-old at the 2018 Keeneland November Sale. She had won only a sprint maiden in a light career but was a half-sister to GI Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic winner Unrivaled Belle (Unbridled's Song), whose daughter Unique Bella (Tapit) had recently rounded off her career with a third Grade I win. And, crucially as things have turned out, Lemon Belle was carrying a foal by Violence.

When she delivered an outstanding colt, it was quickly decided that she should return to Hill 'n' Dale for a repeat cover. After all, Rock Ridge had already had a good experience with Violence, having bought a mare carrying a filly from his debut crop that made $235,000 as a yearling.

“Typically, we don't keep colts,” Guffey says. “But Lemon Belle's first Violence colt was such a super physical that we certainly tossed that idea around. We did end up selling him, at the Keeneland September Sale for $125,000. Unfortunately Violence didn't really have a lot going for him at that time, but Kip Elser spun him around as a 2-year-old and Spendthrift bought him for $550,000. They named him Nasty Habit, Bob Baffert had him for a while, and I think he bounced around to a couple different trainers without making a start. But I did see he's now back on the work tab [breezed at Payson Park Sunday].”

It would be a bonus if that colt can repay such perseverance, but the stakes have now been raised for the dam regardless.

“So then she had this second Violence colt,” Guffey says. “And he was just like his brother, a beautiful yearling-which Violence will get you. Though he follows the mare, too, in that she's extremely classy and handles everything so well. He was the same, always a good-looking, classy horse, definitely a favorite in our crop that year.”

With Violence having meanwhile renewed commercial momentum, the colt we now know as Raise Cain made $180,000 from Andrew N. Warren, again at the Keeneland September Sale, but conversely proved no kind of pinhook-returning from OBS the following June as a $65,000 RNA.

“I was disappointed when I saw he was in the 2-year-old sale, and then didn't even get sold,” Guffey admits. “I thought maybe he had regressed. But I'm glad they hung in with him and saw it out, because they're being rewarded now.

“I was interested to read Ben Colebrook complimenting the horse on how well he handles things. He thought he'd navigate the larger field better than he would a small one, and that didn't surprise me at all: he was just so laidback and easy-going from day one.”

Guffey and his family find themselves well placed to profit now, having since ponied up fees for Lemon Belle to visit Constitution-their son was safely delivered just a couple of weeks ago-and Justify next.

“I was just so positive that one of her Violence colts would hit, so we rolled the dice a bit,” Guffey explains. “So you could say Raise Cain is kind of hitting just at the right time for that mare. We loved her pedigree when we bought her. She's quite a plain Jane, she's Lemon Drop Kid, doesn't have a lot of chrome on her-but she's a pretty mare. And with the strength of her family, that's probably what interests us more than anything at this stage: trying to buy into really deep families, and to keep some fillies to build off of that.”

Unfortunately they haven't yet got a filly out of the mare, who has now given them four colts in a row. Otherwise, however, Lemon Belle is becoming a model for the evolving strategy: keep the quantity limited, gradually increase the quality.

“When we bought the farm, I had just graduated from U.K. and my uncle just pitched the idea on our way home from Keeneland one day,” Guffey recalls. “Living in central Kentucky, we'd always enjoyed going to the races there, but when he said how about finding some Thoroughbred mares, I thought he was crazy. But we're all very tight-knit, I worked for his company, and so I thought, 'Well, if that's what he wants, I'll make it happen.'”

The land had to be good, out there on Grass Springs Road, if the neighbors included the likes of Pin Oak and Woodford Thoroughbreds. It had been lying idle for a while, having been part of the ill-fated ClassicStar venture, and needed some patching up.

“But we jumped in there and made repairs and improvements,” Guffey recalls. “A real labor of love, that's for sure. And the following fall we went to the sale and started buying mares. It was a little intimidating. You're a new buyer and everybody comes running, wanting to sell you something. But we still have a couple that we bought that first year.”

To be fair, they actually felt a degree of comfort with the whole environment, as longstanding breeders of pedigree cattle.

“This is on a much larger scale and, obviously, takes more money,” Guffey acknowledges. “But the purebred cattle, where you're evaluating pedigrees and matings, made it easier to catch onto, I guess. Just doing your nightly research, you catch on pretty quick to what sells. And actually I've got registered Angus and Hereford cattle right here on the horse farm. Six months later, there may be yearlings in that same field. They coexist on our farm, and I think they complement each other.”

Guffey stresses his gratitude for the mentorship of Hunter Simms of Warrendale, who handles all their sales, and also to Dr. Jeremy Whitman of Equine Medical. But while he will always bounce ideas around with Simms, in reducing his shortlists of potential purchases or matings, ultimately Rock Ridge do everything on their own account.

“Everything takes place here on the farm,” Guffey says. “Our farm manager is Mike Bryant and since adding him to our operation, around 2016, he's really helped move our program forward. But yes, we do everything ourselves. Hard work was bred into my family, and that's how they raised me and my cousins as well. Work hard and put in the time, and you'll be rewarded.”

The time, of course, itself being a type of work.

“That's what I tell everybody,” Guffey emphasizes. “You've got to be patient. You buy these mares, and you've got to give them a couple foals to see how they're going to produce. Well, you're talking about eight years before you can begin to see what you've got. So that's what feels good right now, to be approaching that timeline where we're starting to see the fruits of our labor.”

In playing the long game, Rock Ridge always have a little ongoing action on the racetrack, too, sending Dallas Stewart and Helen Pitts either nicely-bred fillies bought as yearlings, or one or two homebreds that don't get an adequate market response.

“Right now we have a nice filly named Alexa Lou, she's by Speightstown out of a full sister to Rachel Alexandra (Medaglia d'Oro),” Guffey notes. “We bought her from Stonestreet as a yearling [$285,000 RNA] and she broke her maiden second time out at Churchill in the fall. She had to come home for a little while, had a screw put in a knee, but she'll start back jogging [with Stewart] next couple of weeks and we're real excited about her.”

Their biggest racetrack thrill to date was the GIII Peter Pan S. success of Promise Keeper (Constitution) a couple of years ago. He was bred on the farm but Rock Ridge were welcomed back into partnership by Woodford Thoroughbreds and WinStar. His mother Mira Alta (Curlin) now has an Essential Quality filly at foot and was only this week favored by an audience with Flightline himself.

“Now that we've gained a bit of confidence in what we're doing, we're starting to breed these mares to better stallions,” Guffey explains. “And also trying to buy better mares, which is easier said than done. Starting out, we wanted to cut our teeth a little. But we feel good about where we're at, and confident about putting more in them.”

Casting his mind back, Guffey marvels at everything that has grown from that first, nearly throwaway remark by his uncle.

“He's a risk-taker,” he says admiringly. “I mean, he started his construction company 40 years ago from nothing, so that was most definitely his style. He likes to throw you to the wolves and let you figure it out! So you've got to be willing to put in the work, and fight through the harder times and see it through. And we've definitely done that.”

Guffey was getting married right about the time the venture was getting underway. When he told his fiancée Hailey what his uncle was suggesting, she said: “Do you realize how hard that industry is? Are you sure you know what you're doing?”

“No, I really don't know what I'm getting into,” Guffey replied. “But we're going to try it anyway.”

“Living our whole lives in the Lexington area, I guess you get somewhat educated in parts and pieces of it,” Guffey reflects now. “So she knew well enough that it was a very tough game. But we've had a lot of fun, we've met some great people and we love raising these foals. This is my favorite time of year, when you get to see the babies born and watch them grow. Our little girl is only three but loves when we all go to the barn together. And my uncle and aunt, and all my other family, come out on the weekends to look at the foals and it's kind of an escape from the day job.

“So while I doubt I fully understood what my uncle was getting at, that day, I definitely don't regret it. Like I said, it's disappointing when horses don't pan out quite the way that you hope. What we hope for, when we go to the sale, is that these horses will get in good hands so that they can do some of the work for us and improve the mare's page. You can't do it all yourself, the way those larger operations can. So when one comes along like Raise Cain, it's surreal. When we got into it, raising horses of that quality was what we dreamed of. And knowing that they're few and far between, we're going to enjoy every second.”

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Tickets on Sale for New Secretariat Exhibit Launch Party

The tickets are on sale for the Apr. 20 Kentucky Derby Museum's Secretariat Bourbon Dinner, presented by Fifth Third Bank. Guests at this launch party will have several opportunities, including being the first to explore the new exhibit, Secretariat: America's Horse, before it opens to the public Apr. 21.

At the dinner, guests will view never-before-seen video of Secretariat's connections. Along with a seated dinner, guests will enjoy a pour of the rare Double Double Oaked Woodford Reserve, while learning from Woodford Reserve Master Distillers Chris Morris and Elizabeth McCall.

VIP tickets cost $250 each, and Dinner Party tickets cost $200 each. Dinner guests will also have a guaranteed opportunity to purchase one Secretariat Woodford Reserve Double Oaked Personal Selection Box Set. Guests will also have the exclusive opportunity to have their bottle signed by Woodford Reserve Master Distillers Chris Morris and Elizabeth McCall.

For more information, click here.

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Screening Levels, Transparency Among Key Topics Day 2 of HBPA Conference

Scientifically-based screening levels and transparency in how policy is made were among key items addressed in the Kent Stirling Memorial Medication Panel, held during Wednesday's second day of the National Horsemen's Benevolent & Protective Association conference at the Hotel Monteleone.

The National HBPA has long advocated for scientifically-developed screening and threshold levels used to determine if a positive finding is a legitimate rules violation, or if a negligible amount was inadvertently transferred to a horse or by contamination with no pharmacological impact on the animal's performance.

The topic comes to the fore with the Horseracing Integrity & Safety Authority (HISA) taking over control of equine-testing policy and enforcement as early as Mar. 27.

Bringing sensitivity into sharper focus, drug-testing and toxicology expert Dr. Steven Barker–now an Emeritus Professor at Louisiana State University after retiring following years as head of its state equine drug-testing lab–used an example of bufotenine, which can be detected in horses' post-race tests if (among other things) they ate hay with reed canary grass in it, and a flea.

Barker cited three horses in the Mid-Atlantic in whom bufotenine was detected at the extremely low levels of between 34.5 and 56.6 picograms per milliliter in blood and between 731.5 and 1,964.5 picograms/ml in urine. If those sound like big numbers, Barker said to consider that “the weight of a new-born female flea, prior to its first blood meal, is 450 micrograms. The blood volume of a horse is approximately 50,000 milliliters.

“So if a horse has 56 picograms per mil of bufotenine in a sample, the total amount of bufotenine in the entire horse is 2.8 micrograms–which would be 0.62 percent of a female flea,” Barker said. “So you imagine a 500- kilogram animal that has 0.62 of a female flea distributed throughout its entire body, what do you think the drug effect would be? Zero to nothing. And this is the case in a lot of the positives being called now.”

He continued, “…If HISA is going to do its job, these kinds of positives have to be given scientific consideration. Not 'Oh, we found it, we confirmed it, you're guilty.' I've seen that way too much. Are they going to worry about the integrity of the industry, worried about giving the industry a black eye for all these positives? When really the more important thing is the integrity and reputation of trainers, owners and the horses affected.”

Comparing U.S. Horseracing Testing Numbers and Human Sports

Dr. Clara Fenger, a Central Kentucky-based veterinarian and racehorse owner with additional degrees in internal medicine and equine exercise physiology, explained that in 2021, the World Anti Doping Agency reported 0.77% positive tests out of the 241,430 athletes tested worldwide, with 40% of the violations being for illegal anabolic steroids. A very small amount are from inadvertent environmental contamination.

In the United States in 2020, out of 243,627 racehorse tests, only 0.43% were declared post-race positives. Of those, 28 percent were for Class 1 substances, and most of those could reasonably be considered inadvertent environmental transfer, such as with methamphetamine and morphine, she said.

While violations in human sports were down 1.19% from 2013, U.S. horse racing rose to that 0.43% of positive findings from 0.34% in 2013, Fenger said. While that still reflects very few “true” attempts to cheat, in her words, she explained the bump in horse racing is explained by labs using their increased sensitivity to find irrelevant minuscule levels of substances that would not be called positives in human testing.

Fenger said labs that will enter into contracts to do testing for HISA must be able to detect substances down to a specified minimum level, known as Minimum Required Performance Levels (MRPL).

“For substances that reflect actual cheating, this is a great system,” Fenger said. “Because if one lab can find it really, really low, they can share their methods with other laboratories and they can all find it better…But for therapeutic medication, this represents a huge difference in regulations state to state, depending on the laboratory doing the testing.”

Underscoring the point of cross contamination, equine pharmacology and toxicology expert at the University of Kentucky's Gluck Equine Research Center Dr. Thomas Tobin offered examples of minute levels of substances transferring to a horse without direct administration.

One came amid a rash of positive findings for the seizure and shingles drug Gabapentin in Ohio, which has an “in-house” screening level of eight nanograms (parts per billion) per millimeter of plasma, Tobin said. The finding of 89.4 ng/ml in a horse's post-race test was traced to the groom, who had a prescription for Gabapentin and urinated in the horse's stall.

In another case, it was a dog urinating in the stall.

“It's now official in the published domain that you can dose a dog with Gabapentin and it can turn up in a racehorse,” Tobin said.

Alluding to Tobin and Barker noting their research benefits from data acquired through open-records requests, former active-duty judge advocate with the U.S. Marine Corps and El Paso attorney Daniel Marquez countered, “That's accountability, that's transparency. With the addition, the inclusion of private entities into the HISA rule-making and policy adoption, we threaten that accountability, that transparency.”

“With HISA and the reliance on individual labs, some of which are private, we lose part of that arm of accountability. Private labs are not subject to those (Freedom of Information Act) laws or state open-record laws.”

To view the full release from Wednesday's session, click here.

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