View From The Eighth Pole: Veering Off Into La-La Land

I seriously doubt if trainer Bob Baffert or anyone in his stable knowingly gave scopolamine to Justify prior to his victory in the Grade 1 Santa Anita Derby on April 7, 2018. But the drug showed up above the threshold limit in post-race testing for both the eventual Triple Crown winner and for Hoppertunity, another Baffert runner, who won the G3 Tokyo City Cup the following day at the Arcadia, Calif., track.

Scopolamine has found its way into California hay supplies via jimson weed, so it's not unreasonable to conclude the positive test was a result of environmental contamination. It's also unlikely that the drug's presence at a low yet impermissible level had any impact on performance.

But rules are rules.

According to California Horse Racing Board rule 1859.5 (Disqualification Upon Positive Test Finding), a positive test of drugs in classes 1, 2 or 3 (as defined by the CHRB) “shall require disqualification of the horse from the race in which it participated and forfeiture of any purse … regardless of culpability for the condition of the horse.”

In April 2018, scopolamine was a Class 3 drug under CHRB rules.

CHRB members, meeting in executive session on Aug. 23, 2018, circumvented those rules by voting to not pursue the matter, acceding to the recommendations of the CHRB's equine medical director, Dr. Rick Arthur, and the board's then-executive director, Rick Baedeker.

There is an old expression that “we don't know what we don't know.” In this case, we don't know how many previous times the board took such actions, stopping an alleged medication violation before it reached the stewards for a hearing. We do know the CHRB has prosecuted numerous cases of positive drug tests that any rational person would assume resulted from environmental contamination.

So what was different about this case?

For starters, by the time this came before the CHRB in August 2018, Justify had a) won the Triple Crown, b) had his breeding rights sold for a record $75 million, and c) been retired from racing. He was also trained by a Hall of Famer who had become the “face” of the sport.

Additionally, there was a can of worms labeled “Derby Points” that some might try to open if Justify was disqualified from the Santa Anita Derby, a race that gave the son of Scat Daddy the points needed to qualify for the Kentucky Derby field.

So the CHRB voted behind closed doors to end the investigation and successfully tamped down what could have been an embarrassing situation – until a September 2019 report by Joe Drape in the New York Times exposed what had happened.

There's another old expression that “it's not the crime, it's the coverup.” Scopolamine positives have been called before in California. Trainers were not sanctioned but their horses disqualified. No one likes when that happens, but it's a matter of following the rules. Maybe the rules need to be changed to accommodate environmental contaminations, but until that happens it isn't right for regulators to circumvent the rules they don't like.

The New York Times article hit as California racing was trying to recover from the high-profile equine fatality spike at Santa Anita earlier in the year that thrust the sport in the national spotlight in a most unflattering way. The handling of the Justify case only poured gasoline onto the regulatory fire.

The controversies riled the office of Gov. Gavin Newsom and dominoes started falling at the CHRB. Chuck Winner had already stepped down as board chairman when the Justify story broke. Vice chair Madeline Auerbach resigned from the board when she was passed over to chair the organization. Executive director Baedeker announced that he was retiring and other staff positions changed. New appointees came from outside the industry and without direct investment in racing or conflicts of interest.

Mick Ruis, who owned Santa Anita Derby runner-up Bolt d'Oro, sued the CHRB in January 2020, claiming he was entitled to the $600,000 first-place money from the race. In July, Ruis reached an agreement to settle the lawsuit when the CHRB said it would file a complaint to conduct a purse disqualification hearing on Justify. That hearing, which also included a complaint filed on Hoppertunity's positive test, was conducted on Oct. 29.

Here's where things start veering off into La-La Land.

The three stewards, John Herbuveaux, Kim Sawyer and Ron Church, did their due diligence sifting through the evidence and testimony. They put together a lengthy findings of fact and timeline, including making note that scopolamine changed from a Class 3 drug to Class 4 months after the Santa Anita Derby and Tokyo City Cup were run. The stewards did all the things you would expect them to do when conducting a hearing of this type and then making a determination.

Then they took the ultimate copout. No matter what the evidence was, no matter what the rules stated, they dismissed the complaint “because the CHRB has already ruled on this matter, in executive session, at the Aug. 23, 2018, meeting.”

Are you kidding me?

Unless this was some kind of carefully orchestrated kabuki theater involving CHRB members, staff and stewards to go through the motions of a hearing in order to satisfy the terms of the settlement agreement with Ruis – which seems highly unlikely – the final order by the stewards is mind-boggling.

If the stewards felt as though the matter was dismissed in August 2018, why did they go to the trouble of conducting a hearing? Couldn't they have sought clarification from legal counsel at the CHRB as to whether or not the matter was settled?

The order by the stewards may not be the final word. Attorney Darrell Vienna, representing Ruis, pointed out that California's Business and Professions Code, section 19517, states the CHRB “may overrule any steward's decision other than a decision to disqualify a horse due to a foul or a riding or driving infraction in a race, if a preponderance of the evidence indicates any of the following:

“1) The steward mistakenly interpreted the law.

“2) New evidence of a convincing nature is produced

“3) The best interests of racing and the state may be better served.

“…Furthermore, any decision pertaining to the distribution of purses may be changed only if a claim is made in writing to the board by one of the involved owners or trainers, and a preponderance of the evidence clearly indicates to the board that one or more of the grounds for protest, as outlined in regulations adopted by the board, has been substantiated.”

Within hours of the decision by the stewards to dismiss the complaint, Vienna filed a claim with the board on behalf of Ruis, asking for the CHRB to overrule the stewards.

The ball is back in the CHRB's court, but these are not the same CHRB members who opted to bury this matter in August 2018.

That's my view from the eighth pole.

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Santa Anita Releases Winter/Spring Stakes Schedule

Starting with three prestigious Grade I stakes on opening day, Saturday, Dec. 26, Santa Anita’s 2020-21 Winter/Spring stakes schedule will offer fans and horsemen a total of 95 stakes through closing day, June 20. This will include 10 Grade I events and 60 graded stakes.

Santa Anita’s traditional Winter/Spring opener will be highlighted by the seven furlong GI Runhappy Malibu S. for 3-year-olds, the seven furlong GI La Brea S. for 3-year-old fillies, and the GI American Oaks, for 3-year-old fillies at a mile and one quarter on turf, all of which will carry purses of $300,000.

The $400,000 GI Santa Anita H. and the $400,000 GI Frank E. Kilroe Mile S. will be run Mar. 6 and the $750,000 GI Santa Anita Derby, which has produced 18 GI Kentucky Derby winners, will be run Apr. 3. The $300,000 GI Hollywood Gold Cup will be run May 31, along with the $300,000 GI Shoemaker Mile S. and $300,000 GI Gamely S. over turf.

For the full stakes schedule on the Santa Anita website, click here.

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Baffert Scopolamine Hearing Unfolds in Complicated, Twisting Fashion

After 2 1/2 years of closed-session decision-making by the California Horse Racing Board (CHRB) and a complicated court battle to publicly reopen the case over whether to disqualify 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify over a scopolamine positive from when the colt won that year’s GI Santa Anita Derby, the initial back-and-forth legal salvos in an Oct. 29 stewards’ hearing on the matter indicate that the argument could come down to whether scopolamine was a Class 3 or Class 4 substance at the time of the post-race test.

The difference in classification might seem pretty simple to determine. And the distinction is of the utmost importance in California, where Class 1 through 3 drug positives trigger automatic disqualification of horses, regardless of trainer intent or culpability.

But as four-plus hours of back-and-forth testimony and cross-examination repeatedly underscored Thursday, a definitive answer on the drug’s technical classification remains elusive and open to interpretation because of the cumbersome, bureaucratic way the CHRB has to codify its rules to comply with state law (explained below).

Beyond the objection-laden testimony over scopolamine’s classification at the time of Justify’s positive, an attorney for Bob Baffert, the colt’s trainer, argued that the stewards shouldn’t even be re-hearing the case at all because the CHRB already adjudicated it without imposing any penalization or race disqualification in an August 2018 executive session.

That controversial 2018 commission vote took place privately after a detailed–but not publicly disclosed at the time–investigation that led to the exoneration of Justify and Baffert based on a finding of accidental environmental contamination by jimson weed.

“This case was correctly decided by the CHRB in 2018. It was a final and binding decision. And nothing has changed since then, and you all should simply affirm that decision so that we can put this matter to bed once and for all,” said Baffert’s lawyer, W. Craig Robertson III.

“When that investigation was complete, there were two things that were clear, undisputed and undeniable,” Robertson continued. “Number one, that this was a case of innocent environmental contamination from hay and it was not a case of any intentional administration of any drug or medication. And number two, that the trace levels of scopolamine … had no effect on the performance of these horses and no effect on the races.”

But Robert Petersen, an attorney representing the CHRB, said he disagreed “with the idea that this is somehow a re-do of some earlier adjudication. I think the facts clearly show there has never been a full adjudication on the merits of this issue … People may have an issue with the rule [mandating Class 3 disqualifications being too] draconian. But that’s what the rule is. I can’t change the rules.”

Although Justify is the “headline horse” in the case, the stewards were combining two cases into one hearing Thursday. Also up for potential re-adjudication was the scopolamine positive of MGISW Hoppertunity, another Baffert trainee who tested dirty when winning the GIII Tokyo City Cup S. the day after Justify won the Santa Anita Derby.

For context, the two positives of the Baffert trainees were not isolated cases. In roughly the same time frame in 2018, the CHRB received positive post-race tests for scopolamine on five other horses, and the CHRB eventually treated them all as unintentional jimson weed contaminations from ingesting tainted hay.

Thursday, the CHRB’s equine medical director, Rick Arthur, DVM, was the chief witness called by Baffert’s attorney to defend the new complaint.

Arthur, who led the 2018 scopolamine investigation and had recommended not penalizing Justify, Baffert, or any of the other horses or trainers based on the findings and mitigating circumstances, testified under the unusual circumstances of disagreeing with the CHRB’s decision to have the Santa Anita stewards revisit the case. (It should be noted that the CHRB is no longer comprised of the same makeup of commissioners who were on the board in 2018).

“The entire case [of all scopolamine positives during that time frame] was dismissed. And I’m actually pretty shocked the state’s arguing otherwise,” Arthur said.

“I stand by my recommendation to the executive director and the board 100%,” Arthur continued. “This was the correct decision. It was the fair decision. Usually, regulatory agencies don’t have the guts to do what’s fair and right, and this board made that decision appropriately. I think they could be questioned about the lack of transparency. And I warned them that this was not going to stay a secret at that time. But that was their decision, not mine.”

Background on the case

Arthur’s point about the lack of transparency factors centrally in the way the Justify and Hoppertunity positives were handled in 2018. No complaints were issued at the time of findings, and the CHRB’s investigation unfolded behind the scenes while the nation was watching Justify win race after race en route to an undefeated, Triple Crown-winning season.

When the CHRB finally did vote not to penalize Justify or Baffert, it was August 2018, and their unanimous executive-session decision was not made public.

It was more than a year before news about Justify’s positive and non-penalization became widely known. On Sept. 11, 2019, the New York Times broke the story that Justify tested positive when he won the Santa Anita Derby, a GI Kentucky Derby points qualifying race that vaulted him into contention for the Triple Crown.

That revelation sparked a January 2020 lawsuit initiated against the CHRB by Mick Ruis, who owned and trained the 2018 Santa Anita Derby runner-up, Bolt d’Oro. In his suit, Ruis alleged that the CHRB’s secret vote to dismiss the case led Ruis to suffer “the loss of purse caused by the CHRB’s failing to disqualify Justify and re-distribute the purse for the positive test result.”

Eight months later, as part of a negotiated settlement to get Ruis to drop his lawsuit, the CHRB again met in closed session, voting Aug. 20, 2020 to reverse its previous course of no action and to proceed with a complaint seeking the disqualification of Justify and the redistribution of the purse from that stakes.

So is scopolamine Class 3 or 4?

The new complaint that the stewards were tasked with adjudicating Thursday pertains to possible race disqualifications for Justify and Hoppertunity, and not punishment of Baffert.

The bone of contention that came up early and often was how California classified scopolamine at the time of the offenses.

The CHRB, by its own regulation, follows the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) Uniform Classification Guidelines for Foreign Substances and Recommended Penalties when establishing model rules for drugs. The ARCI once classified scopolamine as a Class 3 drug (lower-number classifications are more severe). But in December 2016, the ARCI reclassified it to a lesser Class 4 offense.

Arthur testified that the CHRB fully intended to follow the ARCI’s model rule that reclassified scopolamine (and other drugs that also changed classes). But since California’s Office of Administrative Law doesn’t allow the CHRB to change rules by automatically referencing another authority’s code, the racing agency has to go through a drawn-out process to make even minute changes such as drug reclassifications.

So because of this bureaucratic backlog, scopolamine in 2018 was still technically Class 3 in California, even though Arthur and the CHRB considered it to match the ARCI’s newer Class 4 downgrade.

Arthur explained how as the equine medical director, he has regulatory leeway to take into consideration mitigating circumstances, and that’s what he did when recommending no initial penalties for the scopolamine positives.

“It is inherently unfair to hold somebody to a classification that is outdated because of regulatory inefficiency,” Arthur said.

But Petersen, the CHRB attorney, said regardless of Arthur’s intent and interpretation, that’s not how the scopolamine rule was on the books at the time Justify and Hoppertunity tested positive.

“It is true that scopolamine was later reclassified as Class 4. But that did not happen until January 2019,” Petersen said.

In concluding remarks, Robertson urged the stewards to consider the wider, precedent-setting implications of not allowing the scopolamine adjudications from 2018 to remain intact.

“You, as stewards, always have discretion to do what’s right and just,” Robertson said. “And not only do you have that discretion, you should exercise that discretion. Not just for the parties in this case, but for the horse industry as a whole.”

CHRB steward John Herbuveaux, who moderated the proceedings, cautioned all parties at the conclusion of the hearing that a decision is “not going to be something that’s going to happen in the very near future.”

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Connections Of Justify, Hoppertunity Seek To Prevent CHRB From Conducting Hearings Into 2018 Scopolamine Positives

The owners of Justify and Hoppertunity, along with trainer Bob Baffert and jockeys Mike Smith and Flavien Prat, have filed filed legal action in Los Angeles Superior Court to prevent the California Horse Racing Board from conducting Oct. 29 disqualification hearings into April 2018 victories by Justify in the Santa Anita Derby and Hoppertunity in the Tokyo City Cup.

The writ of mandate, filed on Oct. 13, claims Aug. 25, 2020, actions by the CHRB to reopen the cases are “void, arbitrary, capricious, unconstitutional, beyond the power of the CHRB, and a prejudicial abuse of discretion.” It alleges the CHRB has violated California Code of Regulations and Government Code as well as the due process rights of the petitioners under the U.S. Constitution.

Justify and Hoppertunity, along with five other unnamed horses, tested positive for scopolamine in 2018. According to the legal filing, the Justify and Hoppertunity cases were investigated by the CHRB's equine medical director, Dr. Rick Arthur, and then-CHRB executive director Rick Baedeker. Both determined the “cluster” of scopolamine positives at Santa Anita in 2018 resulted from hay contaminated with jimson weed, proof of which, the writ of mandate states, is that all horses also indicated the presence of atropine, which it states is a “definitive marker of environmental contamination.”

Arthur and Baedeker recommended to the CHRB members in closed-door executive session that all seven scopolamine cases be dismissed, and the board in place at the time unanimously voted to support that recommendation, according to the action filed Oct. 13. The CHRB has several new members who were not on the regulatory body  in 2018.

It wasn't until a September 2019 report in the New York Times that the positive drug tests and decision not to conduct stewards hearings were revealed. Several months later, Mick Ruis, owner of Santa Anita Derby runner-up Bolt d'Oro, filed suit against the CHRB demanding the case against Justify be reopened. Ruis stood to gain $400,000 in purse money (the difference between $600,000 for first and $200,000 for second) and other possible gains if Bolt d'Oro were declared winner of the Grade 1 race.

The Santa Anita Derby win by Justify in his stakes debut earned the Scat Daddy colt 100 qualifying points for the Kentucky Derby. He went on to win the Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Belmont Stakes, then retired to stud undefeated in six starts after being sold to Coolmore Stud for a reported $60 million.

As part of a settlement agreement with Ruis, the CHRB said it would file a complaint against the owners of Justify and conduct a purse disqualification hearing. The CHRB also filed a complaint against the owners of Hoppertunity, though not against the other five unnamed horses testing positive for scopolamine.

The owners of Justify at the time were WinStar Farm LLC, China Horse Club, Head of Plains Partners LLC and Starlight Racing. The owners of Hoppertunity were Michael Pegram, Karl Watson and Paul Weitman.

Attorneys for he petitioners contend scopolamine was – at the time of the April 2018 victories by Justify and Hoppertunity – a Class 4 drug with a C penalty classification under Association of Racing Commissioner guidelines. As such, they contend, a positive test for scopolamine would not trigger a disqualification.

They also contend the CHRB did not act in a timely manner in reopening the cases.

The legal action accuses the CHRB of violating its own rules and engaging in “unfair, arbitrary and capricious conduct. Petitioners have been intentionally treated differently from others similarly situated and there is no rational basis for he difference in treatment.”

As a result of the CHRB's actions, the writ of mandate alleges, the connections of Justify and Hoppertunity “have suffered damages, including in the form of reputational harm.”

The petitioners are seeking a writ of mandate from the court ordering the CHRB to dismiss the complaints and cancel all hearings related to Justify and Hoppertunity's positive tests. They are also seeking unspecified damages, along with attorneys' fees and court costs.

 

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