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Chris Oakes Sentenced to Three Years

NEW YORK–Standardbred trainer Chris Oakes, who has admitted to supplying Jorge Navarro with performance- enhancing drugs as well as using illegal drugs with his own horses, was sentenced to three years in prison Thursday. In October, Oakes, 57, pled guilty to one count of misbranding and drug adulteration with intent to defraud or deceive.

The decision was handed down by Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York before a small audience that included Meadowlands owner Jeff Gural. Under the sentencing guidelines, three years was the maximum allowable sentence.

“I believe this offense is serious,” Vyskocil said. “I have taken that into account as well as the characterizations of Mr. Oakes as a human being and a person. But I do not see any compelling reason to go below the sentencing guideline.”

While the case against Oakes involved his pattern of doping his own horses, it also focused on his relationship with Navarro and the doping of Navarro's XY Jet (Kantharos). Oakes supplied Navarro with PEDs that were given to X Y Jet, including a “blocker” PED. On Feb. 13, 2019, the same day X Y Jet won an allowance race at Gulfstream, Navarro instructed Oakes to enter the Gulfstream backstretch to administer PEDs to the sprinter.

“Mr. Oakes shared misbranded and adulterated drugs with others, including, and most particularly Mr. Navarro,” Vyskocil noted. “Specifically, he helped Mr. Navarro dope XY Jet.”

While still in training, XY Jet died in early 2020. Navarro said at the time that the cause of death was a heart attack.

Addressing the court, government lawyer Sarah Mortazavi lashed into Oakes, saying that he had failed to realize the severity of his actions.

“The defendant has not grappled with the seriousness of his crimes,” she said, “Instead of remorse, we have gotten from him self-serving excuses meant to minimize his conduct. He has said that the government can't prove that I killed any horses or did something to improve their performances, so what I did was not detrimental to these horses. But he injected these horses with drugs up to and including the day of their race, putting their health at risk.”

Oakes' attorney Page Pate did not deny that his client used PEDs and broke laws but asked the court to consider that trainer had many good qualities. That, he argued, was justification for leniency.

“The offenses committed, while clearly wrong, are inconsistent with who he was as a person and as a trainer who cared for his horses,” Pate said. “It's true that he tried to win purses by using PEDs he got from Dr. [Seth] Fishman and PEDs he created on his own and that that gave him an unfair competitive advantage in his races. But the narrative became Mr. Oakes abused his horses. Looking back over his 40-year career that is not consistent with what so many people who knew him and worked with him have told the court. The things he has done for his community, his random acts of kindness, they show that he is not a criminal.”

When addressing the court, Oakes, who began to choke up, brought up what he said was a long-running battle with alcoholism.

“I drank when I succeeded and I drank when I failed and I failed a lot,” he said. “I did not ask for help because I thought that would show a sign of weakness.”

Vyskocil said Oakes would have to enter a drug and alcohol treatment program once in prison.

Oakes said he was remorseful and blamed his decisions on stress and the pressure he felt to succeed.

“I was constantly unhappy, irritated and depressed,” he said. “I wanted everything to be perfect and I demanded that of my wife, my kids and my employees. I regret the path that I followed. I allowed stress and the pressure I was under to dictate my decisions. I have no one to blame but myself. I am aware of the crimes that I have committed, and I have learned from them. I humbly ask for leniency.”

Gural, who had banned Oakes at his tracks well before he was indicted, sat quietly and listened to the testimony. Gural was instrumental in putting together the investigation that led to Oakes and more than two dozen others being indicted on charges related to doping.

“I am glad I came, if for no other reason than to see how justice works,” he said. “I thought everybody did a good job and the judge understood the severity of the situation. It is a tragedy. These horses can't talk for themselves. When I started this, I had friends who told me it was a waste of time, that it was impossible to catch these guys. Getting 5 Stones involved and the fact that so many horses died in California, that got the attention of the U.S. Attorney, and they were willing to prosecute. I spent a great deal of time talking to the U.S. Attorney and convincing them that there were people out there using drugs.”

Oakes owned a handful of Thoroughbreds before his arrest and won 14 races. His horses were trained by Navarro. Oakes was a prominent harness trainer with 1,875 career wins and $29,631,843 in career earnings.

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Trial Date for Servis Pushed Back to Early ’23

The trial of alleged doping conspirator Jason Servis got pushed back to early 2023 at a status conference in federal court on Thursday.

Robert Gearty of the Blood-Horse first broke the Feb. 24 story from United States District Court (Southern District of New York).

Gearty reported that the former trainer's trial will take place in the first quarter of 2023 along with that of veterinarian Alexander Chan.

Previously, Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil had been aiming for a mid-2022 trial for Servis, the most prominent name among the remaining defendants asserting innocence.

“Vyskocil blamed the postponement on the courthouse's coronavirus restrictions that have made it more difficult to schedule trials in a timely manner,” Gearty wrote. “When scheduling criminal trials preference goes to defendants awaiting trial behind bars. Servis and Chan are free on bond.”

Servis amassed gaudily high win percentages during the 2010s decade prior to getting arrested on three felony drug misbranding and conspiracy to commit fraud charges in March 2020.

According to a trove of wiretaps the government has produced as evidence against him (and other defendants), Servis allegedly doped almost all the horses under his control in early 2019, including MGISW Maximum Security, who crossed the wire first in the GI Kentucky Derby but was DQ'd for in-race interference.

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Zulueta Gets 33 Months in Prison

Marcos Zulueta, the former mid-Atlantic-based trainer with an abnormally high win percentage who was caught on wiretaps procuring drugs for and boasting about Thoroughbred performance-enhancing regimens with the convicted horse doper Jorge Navarro, was sentenced to 33 months in federal prison on Thursday.

Zulueta, 53, had pleaded guilty in October to one felony count of adulterating and misbranding drugs with the intent to defraud or mislead.

As part of a plea agreement, he had previously agreed to forfeit $47,525.

At his Feb. 24 sentencing, the remaining two open felony charges against him were dropped, which was also part of the agreement.

At the time of his guilty plea in in United States District Court (Southern District of New York), it was announced that Zulueta faced up to five years in prison. But because the statutory maximum for his crime was three years, prosecutors and the defense ended up agreeing that based on federal sentencing guidelines, his actual range called for 30 to 36 months.

However, subsequent to that agreement, when a routine presentence investigation report revealed (unbeknownst to prosecutors) that Zulueta got convicted in 2018 for driving while intoxicated while already on probation for another offense, it triggered an increase in his criminal history calculation for the doping offense, so his minimum sentence based on the guidelines got bumped up to 33 months instead of 30.

The feds had advocated for a sentence within that range; the defense argued for a variance that would allow for a sentence below the guidelines. Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil gave the minimum allowable sentence.

'I got creative'

A separate presentencing report issued by the feds included snippets of secretly recorded phone conversations between Zulueta and Navarro.

In some of those starkly candid discussions, Zulueta admitted to fears that he was admitting purportedly performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) so recklessly that he was afraid he was going to kill his own horses, either by injecting medications improperly or performing nasogastric tubing that went into the lungs instead of the stomach.

“I didn't want to tell you because you were going to [expletive] scold me,” Zulueta admitted to Navarro in an intercepted May 5, 2019, phone call. “I got creative, I gave them more medicine but I drown them–I drown them instead…. I didn't tell you about it because I knew you were going to get on my back…. I lost [expletive] lots [of] money. But, well, forget it–that's done.”

According to the government, Navarro had already warned Zulueta at least once to tone down his doping.

“Marcos, we need to clean up things because they are going to [expletive] us up. They are going to kick us out of the business if we keep up with the craziness,” Navarro said in a Mar. 10, 2019, call.

Zulueta agreed with Navarro, and Navarro persisted, “You have already made money…. Stop inventing [new ways to drug horses].”

Yet on other occasions, it was Zulueta who cautioned Navarro about keeping a lower profile.

“Yeah, you should be happy–happy–happy that you are not winning all of them,” Zulueta said, according to a wiretap transcript. “Otherwise, you will be arrested.”

Zulueta's words ended up being prophetic: On March 9, 2020, both trainers, plus several dozen others, were taken into federal custody in a coordinated series of arrests related to an international racehorse doping conspiracy. Listed below are the Thoroughbred-related guilty pleas and convictions that have resulted so far:

In March 2021, the guilty-pleading Scott Robinson, a veterinarian, got 18 months in prison and had to forfeit $3.8 million in profits.

In June, Sarah Izhaki was sentenced to time already served for selling misbranded versions of Epogen.

In September, Scott Mangini, a pharmacist who had pleaded guilty to one felony count related to creating custom drugs for racehorses, got sentenced to 18 months in prison and a forfeiture of $8.1 million.

In December, Navarro wept in court after getting the maximum sentence of five years imprisonment. Navarro had pleaded guilty to one count of conspiring to administer non-FDA-approved, misbranded and adulterated drugs, including PEDs. Navarro was also ordered to pay $25.8 million in restitution (an amount he will likely never be able to pay) and could face deportation to Panama.

On Jan. 5, 2022, Kristian Rhein, a veterinarian formerly based at Belmont Park, got sentenced to the maximum three years in prison after pleading guilty to one felony drug charge. Rhein must forfeit $1.02 million and pay $729,716 in victims' restitution.

On Jan. 6, Rhein's brother-in-law, Michael Kegley Jr., the former sales director for a Kentucky-based company that marketed and sold the alleged PED known as SGF-1000, got sentenced to 30 months in prison and a $3.3 million forfeiture.

The Florida-based veterinarian Seth Fishman faces 20 years in prison after being found guilty Feb. 2 on two counts of conspiring to violate adulteration and misbranding laws.

'Success story' gone wrong

Although not a “headline” trainer like the graded stakes-winning conditioners Navarro or Jason Servis (who maintains he is not guilty and has a trial date looming), Zulueta won an outsized number of races on smaller circuits. In early 2020, just prior to his arrest, Zulueta's horses were winning at a gaudy 31% clip, primarily at Parx.

“Until the time of his involvement in the activity charged in the Indictment, Marcos Zulueta was an American success story,” his legal team wrote in a presentencing report.

“Born in Cuba in 1968, he experienced a very difficult and impoverished childhood,” the defense report continued. “His father left his family when Marcos was one. As the oldest of his brothers and sisters, it fell on Marcos' shoulders to work to support his family. He engaged in all forms of manual labor and finally became proficient in working with horses, with the money he earned going straight back to his family.

“With the goal of escaping the restrictions and deprivation of freedom in Cuba, Marcos emigrated to the United States in 1994 [and in 2011] became a successful horse trainer. Aside from a DUI and two summary offenses committed in a brief time frame, Marcos led a crime free life…”

The feds framed Zulueta's story differently in their own presentencing report:

“Although Zulueta did not earn as much in purse winnings as other defendants in this matter, including his co-conspirator Jorge Navarro, he nonetheless engaged in precisely the same conduct as Navarro: (1) procuring a variety of PEDs with which to dope his racehorses, including blood builders; (2) redistributing certain PEDs to other trainers, such as Navarro; (3) experimenting with novel PEDs by administering them to the horses under his care; (4) 'cleaning' the livers of horses he had doped to counteract the deleterious effects of his doping; and (5) using dangerous methods of administration, such as 'drenching.'”

The prosecution's report continued: “Zulueta was so attuned to the dangers of his conduct that he was reluctant to tell even Navarro–his co-conspirator, a trusted friend, and a prolific doper–that he had over-medicated his horses. Zulueta's private conversations underscore the callousness he displayed to the horses under his care…”

The feds further argued that “As with other defendants in this matter, it is not the case that the defendant's crime was the result of a single lapse in judgment, nor is it the case that he ceased his criminal conduct of his own volition. Zulueta continued to order and receive PEDs up until shortly before his arrest, and there is no indication that he would have otherwise stopped.”

Zulueta reports to prison May 24. The judge has recommended he be incarcerated at Fairton, a medium-security facility in New Jersey.

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Caught Up In Fishman Scandal, Hall Tells Her Story

It was back in October of 2018 that a small-time harness racing owner and trainer named Adrienne Hall reached out to veterinarian Dr. Seth Fishman. She was new to the Florida harness circuit and says she simply was looking for a vet to help her with her horses. What she did not know at the time was that she had just made one of the worst mistakes of her life.

Hall's relationship with Fishman evolved and became complicated. It led to Hall, 42, testifying earlier this year in court against Fishman in his trial for selling performance-enhancing drugs to, among others, disgraced Thoroughbred trainer Jorge Navarro. It was during that trial that Hall admitted Fishman also supplied her with illegal drugs that she used to improve the performance of her horses.

Unlike Fishman, who was found guilty by a jury, Hall will not be going to prison. But her career in harness racing may be over, she faces a likely suspension from the New Jersey Racing Commission and she says she is not holding up well in the aftermath of her testimony. She says she is “in bad shape” and on medications to get through the day.

While she understands that she brought this upon herself, Hall maintains that she has been unfairly portrayed in press reports covering the Fishman trial and that she testified against him not to avoid prosecution but because she wanted to help clean up the sports of Thoroughbred and Standardbred racing. With that in mind and in hopes that she could at least somewhat change the narrative, Hall agreed to what became a lengthy interview with the TDN last week.

Below are the subjects that were covered. They include Hall's take on her own situation, what she says she did and did not do wrong and her insights into Seth Fishman and his operation and the culture of doping she believes permeated the Standardbred game.

“It appeared to me that it was chemical warfare out there,” she said. “How was I supposed to compete against horses that don't get tired?”

(*) Hall said originally she had no idea that Fishman sold illegal drugs. She was looking for veterinary help after moving from Ohio to Florida and said that Fishman came highly recommended.

“I had horses who were tying up,” she said. “I had questions about how to raise red blood cell counts because my horses were borderline anemic. I really wanted help and I trusted him. I had heard really good things about him and how smart he was and that's why I wanted to utilize him. I did not specifically reach out to Dr. Fishman for performance-enhancing drugs.”

(*) Fishman, Hall said, seemed particularly eager to work with her. She believes she now knows why. She had worked in an office job for Todd Pletcher and says she also had some connections with top harness trainer Tony Alagna. Fishman asked her to approach both trainers to see if they were interested in buying his drugs. She says she never contacted either one.

“It was my understanding that Navarro was not paying his bills and he was getting really fed up with him,” she said. “He wanted a big stable to come in and take his place. That's the only reason why I can think of he would give me any attention.”

In June of 2019, Hall said she spoke to Fishman for the last time.

“He said, 'I really regret trying to help you because you did nothing but waste my time,'” she said.

(*) During her testimony, Hall admitted using PEDs on a horse and excitedly told Fishman after she won a race that the drug appeared to have made a major difference. While admitting she used the drug, Hall said she resisted temptation to use concoctions that are even more powerful.

“I told him that I didn't want to use Epogen and I didn't want to use baking soda,” she said. “I didn't want to use anything that would tear up my horses. I just wanted something that would give my horses an edge.”

She said she was motivated to use an illegal substance because she was frustrated that she had been beaten so often by trainers she suspected of using drugs, calling harness racing a game of “chemical warfare.”

“It was a stupid thing to do,” she said of using PEDs. “I was not having a lot of luck. I didn't know what I was doing wrong. How do I compete? How do I get better? But, I knew it was wrong and I was breaking the rules.”

(*) News reports during Fishman's trial suggested that the only reason Hall testified against Fishman was that she was granted immunity. She says that is not the case.

“Misinformation came out, that I was there under some deferred prosecution agreement, or I was subpoenaed or in fear of being arrested or indicted. That was never the case,” Hall said. “I wanted to help them. They said they were going to clean up the sport and that this would be good for the horses. They told me that I was doing a really good thing. Yeah, I messed up and I made a mistake, but I didn't realize [Fishman] was as bad as he is. The more I heard about horses dying and XY Jet dying, I started to understand, I started to realize how bad he was.

“Everyone says you shouldn't have talked to them from the beginning, you should have kept your mouth shut. I look at it differently. Someone has to do something. The harness industry is in really bad shape. I wanted to be a part of making things change.”

(*) After the trial, Hall was permitted to racehorses at the Meadowlands by track owner Jeff Gural, who said that banning her would discourage future whistleblowers from coming forward. Gural, however, won't have the last say. Hall said she has met with the New Jersey racing Commission, which told her she is under investigation. She expects she will be sanctioned by the commission and if her license is suspended, she would not be able to race at any track. A lifetime ban is not out of the question.

The potential racing commission ban is one of many problems she has faced since testifying. Her license issued by the United States Trotting Association (USTA) has been revoked and she said she has been the target of several nasty postings on social media calling her, among other things, a “rat.” She says she was not prepared for what was to come and the stress she has been under. She says she would not recommend to anyone in a similar situation that they come forward.

“I don't think I would recommend anyone come forward after what the USTA and the public did to me,” Hall said. “The USTA stripped me of my membership and they didn't want to hear my side. I would definitely think twice about helping if I ever had a chance to do this again.”

(*) Hall got close enough to Fishman that he would tell her some of the details of his operation and the sale of illegal drugs. While Fishman was selling things like vitamins that are legal, he told Hall that many of his clients were buying PEDs.

“He confided in me about some really high-profile people in harness racing who were, let's put in this way, not buying vitamins. He told me what their drug of choice was and it was not a supplement, if you know what I mean.”

Hall declined to disclose the name of the drug or any trainers she believed were buying it from Fishman.

(*) Despite her problems with Fishman, she has never stopped respecting his intellect.

“I think he is absolutely brilliant, but he used his brilliance for bad reasons,” she said. “I don't know why. Maybe he got greedy or he thought he could outsmart people or he was that egotistical and thought that he would never get caught. He used his brilliance to do the wrong things.”

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