Farrier’s Job Full Of Risk; Balanced By Brotherhood, Emotional Rewards

“It isn't whether or not you're going to get hurt; it's when, and how bad.”

Any individual who works with horses understands that concept. In the case of a farrier, however, that risk is magnified by working directly underneath the flight animal, while bent over at the waist and asking that animal to balance all its weight on three legs.

“Perhaps the most common question I get asked is, 'Isn't this hard on your back?'” relayed Louisville-area farrier Aaron Edelson. “It really isn't. It's not nearly as hard on your back as one thinks, especially if one maintains the proper form. I think each one of us learns how to hold our bodies to make it as comfortable as possible.”

The biggest challenge for Edelson isn't his back, he said. At the end of a long day, his legs are usually the sorest part of his body.

“It's definitely physically hard on your body, and guys have issues with their backs, hips, their knees,” agreed Mitch Taylor, longtime director of education at the Kentucky Horseshoeing School. “If you make it and have a career as a farrier, the cumulative toll shows up in your elbow, wrist, or hand, since we're constantly using our hands and squeezing our tools; it just takes its toll on our arms.”

To offset those chronic issues, physical fitness is a major necessity for the farrier. He needs a strong core, strong legs, and strong arms, as well as to get enough rest and provide himself with proper nutrition. Stretching at the beginning of the day is also of particular importance, most said.

Still, those everyday aches and pains are not the farrier's primary concern. Instead, it's that unspoken capacity for acute injuries that binds farriers together into brotherhood.

“Case in point, we've got a 1,200-pound animal where we average from 180 to 220 pounds, and even the smallest horses are stronger than we are,” Edelson explained. “When they decide to jerk, if you've got part of your body in the wrong position, it can cause a severe injury in the blink of an eye.”

Torn muscles and broken bones are almost inevitable in the farriery profession, but a court case in 2009 established that a horse owner is not at fault when an equine professional is injured by their horse, since the farrier is considered an expert in control of the situation.

So how do farriers cope?

Fortunately, Taylor explained, few insurance companies really understand what it is that farriers actually do, so health and life insurance are generally not more expensive than for any other profession. 

Individually, farriers learn over time to reduce their risk by refusing to work on dangerous horses or in uncontrolled situations. 

“That's not always possible, especially when you're just starting out and you have to take clients where you can get them,” said Southwest-area farrier Dick Beren. “On the racetrack, especially, there's always something going on the backside and the increased potential for a high-level athlete to be spooked and jerk out from under you.”

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There's also a unique brotherhood to the farriery profession that provides support when one of their own gets injured and can't work.

Edelson, for example, suffered a fractured ankle this year when a horse flipped over and landed on his leg. He required surgery to repair the fractures and missed nearly two months of client appointments. Luckily, he's a member of the Derby City Horseshoers Association.

Over the course of those two months, other local farriers stepped up to cover his client's horses. Instead of paying the farrier performing the work, the clients were asked to pay Edelson his standard amount.

“It has been truly the most humbling experience in my 47 years on this earth,” Edelson said. “Every guy that I've talked to, I said, 'You're gonna let me pay you something when all of this is over.' They'd say, 'No you're not. You don't think there's gonna come a time when I need the same favor from you?' 

“It is a whole lot more of a brotherhood than a lot of people realize.”

Taylor echoed the feeling of brotherhood, especially in recent years.

“I've thought for some time that farriers are rather like jockeys in that they have a very physical job without any real safety net, and I'm not sure how many people think about that,” he said. “When I first moved to Kentucky in 1985, and I was injured in 1989, there was a small backside/jockey fund for people who got hurt, but it was difficult and it wasn't any help to me.

“Nowadays some farriers have gotten together, and they cover for each other. We all know how hard it is, how potentially dangerous; that's the brotherhood of our profession. Something catastrophic could happen at any time.”

Modern farrier's associations will host semi-annual events like the “Forge” in which farriers get together to share new skills and to learn from one another, as well as informal events on a more regular basis just to check in with each other. When a member of the group is injured, some groups have a designated fund for those cases, others might “pass the hat” among members in order to help out, or the group will perhaps plan a fundraising event where they auction off unique, handmade items.

With those types of safeguards in place, Edelson explained that physical concerns are not what makes the farrier's job most difficult. 

“The job is hard on us physically, on our bodies day in and day out because the most important tool we have is our body, but the other muscle that it's hard on is our mind,” he said. “Yes the horses are hard, and the injuries are tough, but it's the day in and day out of dealing with the mental demands of the industry as a whole, from difficult clients to constantly thinking about how to get a horse comfortable, even once you've gone home for the night.”

The physical and mental strain of the farrier's job would seem off-putting to many, but Taylor argued that just ensures no one continues in the profession unless they love it.

“We love to be able to take horses and balance them all up, get them comfortable and moving good,” Taylor said. “For the most part, these guys will tell you they never work a day in their lives! It's just such a great job.

“I started when I was 17 years old, and I'm 64 now. I'll stand up from doing a good job, and it's the most satisfying part of the day, even after all of that time.”

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Seeing Reduced Performance In Your Racehorse? Study Suggests Switching Steamed Hay Or Haylage Could Help

Pinpointing the cause of poor performance in athletic horse is often a challenge. If it turns out there could be a respiratory cause, then mild equine asthma (EA) could be to blame. Luckily, the common saying that “prior preparation prevents poor performance” can be taken to heart in such situations. While hay steamers have been marketed to horse owners for several years, new research demonstrates that steamed hay and haylage can make measurable differences in a horse's

Mild EA, the preferred term that replaces inflammatory disease, describes horses with a chronic low-grade cough (defined as having gone on for longer than three weeks), decreased/poor performance, and the presence of tracheal mucous when the horse is scoped. Many underlying conditions can be confused with EA. Those include infectious causes (viral or bacterial), upper airway obstruction (dorsal displacement of the soft palate, for example), and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Some veterinarians have even speculated that those conditions may even predispose horses to mild EA.

“The most important factor contributing to mild EA in Thoroughbreds is the small dust particles horses breathe in primarily as a consequence of feeding dry hay,” explained Dr. Laurent Couëtil, section head of Large Animal Internal Medicine at Purdue University, in West Lafayette, Ind.

Dry hay contains fungi, molds, mite debris, inorganic particles, endotoxins, and other inflammatory molecules. This microscopic particulate matter contaminates the horse's breathing zone, causing inflammation in the lower airways.

“Particulate matter measuring less than 4 microns in diameter results in a sharp and significant increase in the number of neutrophils in mucus collected from the lungs,” said Couëtil.

Particles this small cannot be seen to the naked eye but can be measured with specific, wearable equipment fastened to a horse's halter.

Mucus — a hallmark of EA — can easily be collected from horse's lungs via bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and microscopically analyzed. The presence of neutrophils in this BAL fluid indicates inflammation. Other inflammatory cells may also be appreciated, such as mast cells and eosinophils.

The amount of tracheal mucous, which can be scored on a scale ranging from 0 (no excess mucous) to 5 (defined as a profuse amount pooling throughout the trachea) can also be used to gauge the severity of mild EA.

According to Couëtil, studies in both Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses have demonstrated an association between severity of mucus score and poor performance. As mucous scores increase, speed of the horse decreases.

“A 2006 study performed by Sue Holcomb showed that horses with tracheal mucous scores of 2 or greater were significantly behind in finishing place than horses with a score of 0 or 1,” Couëtil relayed.

Because forage is the most important source of dust that triggers EA, various tactics designed to minimize dust have been explored. Recently, Couëtil and colleagues conducted a study at an Indiana Thoroughbred racetrack. They demonstrated that racehorses actively involved in training and competition that were fed steamed hay or haylage had reduced exposure to dust by approximately 30% when compared to horses fed dry hay.

In that study, Couëtil's team recruited 69 Thoroughbreds and divided them into three groups based on type of forage fed: haylage, steamed hay, and dry hay. All horses were fed this diet for a total of 6 weeks. On weeks 0 (baseline), 3 and 6 of the study, endoscopy was performed after coming back from the track to assess respiratory function and to grade mucous. In addition, all horses were equipped with sensors to measure respirable particles (less than 4 microns in diameter) for 3 hours after returning from training and being fed.

Haylage is grass that is cut and baled at a higher moisture content (about 30%) than regular hay (about 15%) and is package in sealed plastic films similar to shavings bales. This packing prevents molding of the moist forage and allows preservation of the nutritional value of fresh grass similarly to what is achieved with silage for cows. This moist forage results in a marked decrease in dust exposure when horses eat haylage. For the purposes of this study, trainers were each given a hay steamer provided by Haygain.

Key findings of the study were:

  • Respirable dust particles (less than 4 microns in diameter) were significantly higher in the breathing zones of horses fed hay. Both the steamed hay and haylage generated the same, significantly lower level of dust particles;
  • By the end of the study, mucous scores were significantly higher in the hay group. Both the steamed hay and haylage groups had the same, significantly lower mucous scores;
  • BALF analysis showed that the number of neutrophils, an indicator of airway inflammation, increased significantly as the respirable dust concentration in the horse's breathing zone increased; and
  • Over time, the number of neutrophils in BALF decreased in horses fed steamed hay and haylage but only reached statistical significance for horses fed haylage.

 

“In sum, our results clearly demonstrated the benefits of feeding low-dust forages on airway health in just 6 weeks,” Couëtil concluded.

Another conclusion that Couëtil highlighted was that BAL can be performed safely in Thoroughbred racehorses without interruption in racing or training.

“For some veterinarians, owners, or trainers, the idea of a BAL can be off-putting,” Couëtil said. “Many veterinarians are not familiar with the procedure, and others think that a BAL will require resting their horses for an extended period of time after infusing fluid in the lungs.”

The reality is that even if only 50 percent of the sterile saline solution administered is recovered, the rest is rapidly absorbed. Couëtil's study proved that a BAL can be performed without interfering with the training and racing schedules.

“Owners and trainers shouldn't hesitate to perform a BAL in any case of chronic cough, poor performance or when excess mucus is seen by endoscopy after the race,” Couëtil said. “This test can be highly beneficial especially when used in conjunction with the mucous score. The BAL rules in mild EA while endoscopy can help rule out other causes of cough and poor performance.”

One caveat worth noting is that medications are sometimes used for sedating the horse and to decrease coughing during BAL, and it is important to respect drug elimination times prior to racing.

In sum, identifying realistic ways of decreasing airway inflammation, such as a small change in hay preparation, is important because an estimated 80% of Thoroughbred racehorses have mild EA and are not living up to their potential.

Dr. Stacey Oke is a seasoned freelance writer, veterinarian, and life-long horse lover. When not researching ways for horses to live longer, healthier lives as athletes and human companions, she practices small animal medicine in New York. A busy mom of three, Stacey also finds time for running, hiking, tap dancing, and dog agility training. 

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Colorado Horsemen’s Association To Appoint New Officers And Directors Tuesday

The Colorado Horsemen's Association's Board of Directors will appoint a new president, vice president, and up to four new directors at its regular monthly meeting set for Tuesday at 11 a.m. MT.

The new officers and directors will fill seats vacated by the previous president, vice president, and two additional directors, all of whom resigned last week. Per article 5.2 of CHA bylaws, “Should a director resign, he may be replaced until the next election by a majority vote of the Board of Directors.” The next regular election will occur later this year.

CHA voting members interested in serving on the Board are invited to submit a letter of interest to any current Board member in advance of Tuesday's meeting. A voting member is defined in the bylaws as a licensed trainer with at least one active racehorse currently in their care or any licensed owner. A voting member must be a resident of Colorado to be considered for Board or officer appointments. The current Board members are Victor Cervantes, Kerry Kemper, Kim Oliver, Miguel Pena, and Mark Schultz.

Tuesday's meeting will be held remotely via Zoom and is open to any interested party. A link and passcode will be posted Tuesday morning on the private Facebook group, “Horsemen of Arapahoe Park,” and is also available upon request by e-mailing ColoradoHorseRacing@gmail.com.

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Eclipse Award-Winning Writer Steffanus Dies

Eclipse Award-winning writer and longtime Paulick Report contributor Denise Steffanus died June 20 after a long illness. A former trainer, Steffanus specialized in veterinary and horse management topics and served as a contributing editor at the Thoroughbred Times from 1995 until the publication's demise in 2012. Afterwards, she built a successful career as a freelance writer and editor.

A native of Pennsylvania, Steffanus studied journalism at Point Park College but grabbed bylines well before that, writing for her hometown paper at the age of 12. Steffanus prided herself on approaching complex scientific topics with a critical journalist's eye, focusing on the facts even in highly political subject areas. Her thoughtful approach earned her considerable recognition, including the Michael E. DeBakey Journalism Award in 2011 from the Foundation for Biomedical Research and the 2002 Award for Media Excellence (given by the predecessor of the U.S. Equestrian Federation).

In 2017, her feature on drug contamination published in Trainer magazine garnered the Eclipse Award for News/Enterprise Writing, which she described as “the epitome of my career.”

As a trainer, Steffanus based out of River Downs, where she saddled two winners from 42 starters between 1991 and 1994.

Steffanus signed on as a valued contributor to the Paulick Report's nascent Horse Care section in 2016, focusing on common equine management questions and myths. Her experience as a veteran journalist and hands-on horse person shaped the direction of the section. You can access a full archive of her work here.

No memorial plans have been set at this time.

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