This Side Up: It’s Elementary as Fire Tests Water on Dirt

On the day that the leading grass juvenile of 2020 rolls the dice on the GI Kentucky Derby trail, here's a really important question for every American horseman. Just what was it about European turf star Mishriff (Ire) that qualified him to run down as irresistible a dirt runner as Charlatan (Speightstown) for the richest prize in our sport last weekend? The answer is so straightforward that it condenses into a single word, yet the implications continue to elude almost everyone in our industry. And that word is: opportunity.

There were two very obvious reasons why Mishriff was given his opportunity in the Saudi Cup. One is that we're all rather more disposed to gamble when the odds of reward are so spectacular; the other is that the race was staged in his owner's hometown.

To be fair, Mishriff had made an encouraging reconnaissance the previous year, while his subsequent deeds in Europe left no doubt of his eligibility in terms of class. So that all figures. Yet the fact is that only those incidental incentives emboldened the kind of experiment nowadays almost manically forsworn on both sides of the Atlantic.

By this stage I have doubtless worn out the record over the shocking lack of adventure lately emasculating the European challenge at the Breeders' Cup, despite the remarkable achievements of those who did gamble on dirt in years past. But Americans have become barely less prescriptive in deciding a horse's surface requirements, carved in stone after a single glance at a pedigree. Both communities, as such, need sit down a minute and consider that of Mishriff.

His sire Make Believe (GB) is a French Classic winner by a British Classic winner, out of a daughter of Arc winner Suave Dancer, himself by a French Classic winner. Mishriff's dam Contradict (GB) is out of a half-sister to two remarkable Irish stallions in Invincible Spirit (Ire) and Kodiac (GB); and if Contradict is admittedly by a Breeders' Cup Classic winner, we all know that Raven's Pass was obliged, that year, with a synthetic surface congenially akin to turf.

The next three dams, meanwhile, are by turf milers Bahri, Kris (GB) and Artaius. Actually Bahri was also sire of Sakhee, whose dam won at Royal Ascot and was by the reputed chlorophyll addict Sadler's Wells. Nonetheless Sakhee was beaten a nose by dirt monster Tiznow at the Breeders' Cup, 20 days after romping the Arc in the mud. In terms of pedigree, the grounds for running Sakhee on dirt were the same as for Mishriff: zilch.

As I'm always saying–and I'm sorry to keep mounting the same soapbox, but nobody else seems to care–what is at stake is the kind of mutual transfusion that has historically energized the breed.
Speed-carrying dirt blood was the foundation of the Coolmore revolution, which continues to percolate through the twin branches of Northern Dancer's European dynasty, via Sadler's Wells and Danzig. Yet where is the rival with enough wit to challenge the same firm's Epsom hegemony by the same formula today, with stallions who–like Northern Dancer–carried their speed two turns on dirt? Anybody remotely serious about prising Classics out of the grasp of Galileo (Ire) and sons should have the big Bluegrass farms on speed-dial. As it is, the Europeans can't even absorb the blatant lessons of recent bargain imports by an accredited turf stallion in Kitten's Joy.

But American horsemen are no less myopic. Yes, some do import European bloodstock–as yearlings, or already in training–but only to target a weaker U.S. program. Few remember how farms like Claiborne and Darby Dan created Classic dirt pedigrees with stallions imported from Europe. Today turf sires in Kentucky are treated as commercial poison, and even when Noble Mission (GB) contrived a GI Kentucky Derby runner-up from his first crop–duly reminding us all that the running style of his brother Frankel (GB) was pure dirt–the next thing you know he has been driven out of town.

Fire At Will (Declaration of War) gets his shot on dirt in the GII Fasig-Tipton Fountain of Youth S. for the same reason as Mishriff last weekend. Nothing to lose, and potentially enormous rewards. His sire, remember, was beaten a nose and a head when trying dirt for the first time on his final start at the Breeders' Cup. But Declaration Of War was obviously far too versatile for his own good, wandering four continents through his first seven years at stud. In fact, Noble Mission is now in the same barn. Someday, too late, breeders in Europe and America will wake up to the fact that the ultimate 21st Century Thoroughbred is being bred in Japan from blood they rejected.

As it happens, Fire At Will is himself a combination of those Danzig and Sadler's Wells highways to Northern Dancer: he's by a son of War Front out of a Kitten's Joy mare. Not even I can pretend that Kitten's Joy is a versatile influence, though it's interesting that his own sire El Prado (Ire) did give us one in Medaglia d'Oro. Regardless, the family tapers into outright dirt royalty, to Rough Shod through Flippers and Moccasin; and it's been seeded with corresponding quality, by Arch, Nureyev (third dam, of course, Rough Shod) and Seattle Slew.

Whether or not Fire At Will takes to dirt is immaterial. The principle can't stand or fall on a single horse. Nobody will be reading too much into that off-the-turf success in the slop last summer, and he's resurfacing from a long hibernation (curiously enough, on the same day as the dirt champ over at Oaklawn). He'll find no hiding place between the speedball Drain The Clock (Maclean's Music) and a two-turn prince in Greatest Honour (Tapit). But I simply hope he runs well enough, so soon after a finishing kick honed on grass was too much even for Charlatan, to make horsemen everywhere stop and think. Just how many other horses might be out there, you wonder, with capacities far exceeding their opportunity?

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Taking Stock: First-Crop Success in Classics

Did you notice that Mishriff (Ire) (Make Believe {GB}), the big Saudi Cup winner on Saturday, is a member of his sire's first crop?

A 4-year-old homebred for Prince A. A. Faisal's Nawara Stud, Mishriff is by the Faisal-raced Make Believe, a Dubawi (Ire)-line stallion at Ballylinch Stud in Ireland. Last year, Mishriff won the G1 Prix du Jockey-Club, the French Derby equivalent, and is one of three first-crop winners of that Classic in the last five years, along with Brametot (Ire) (Rajsaman {Fr}) in 2017 and Almanzor (Fr) (Wootton Bassett {GB}) in 2016. In between these first-crop colts were winners by proven sires: Sottsass (Fr), by Siyouni (Fr), in 2019, and Study of Man (Ire), by Deep Impact (Jpn), in 2018.

What is it about first-crop Classic winners? Mishriff's sire Make Believe, for example, is a first-crop son of Makfi (GB) and won the G1 Poule d'Essai des Poulains, the 2000 Guineas equivalent. And Makfi, a first-crop son of G1 Irish 2000 Guineas winner Dubawi, accounted for the G1 2000 Guineas itself. Dubawi, of course, was from the first and only crop of Dubai Millennium (GB).

Last year in the U.S., two of the three Classics fell to first-crop runners: Gl Belmont S. winner Tiz the Law by Constitution; and Gl Preakness S. winner Swiss Skydiver is by Daredevil.

First-crop Classic success isn't a fluke, at least in recent times, and here's why: first-year stallions are the most popular horses at stud outside of elite proven sires and there's competition to get to them, which means that breeders will nominate some their best mares to them to secure spots. And stud managers, flooded with applications, are more discriminating in accepting these mares to their books than at any other times in these horses' careers, except for if they become elite proven sires after five-plus crops. It's the reason first-season sires, along with the best elite proven sires, frequently have large books.

Because, pound for pound, these stallions frequently get their best mares in their first crops–whether by pedigree, race record, physique, or a combination thereof–they tend to have more successes with this crop than others, especially if they are any kind of horse. I wrote of this here on July 12, 2019, in “First Crops of Sires Are Potent,” noting that of the top 20 active leading sires of 2018 by earnings standing in N. America, “almost half (nine, or 45%) of these 20 stallions' first crops have been their best to date by percentage of black-type winners to named foals.”

The accompanying chart listing the winners (and their sires) of each of the three U.S. Classics over the past 20 years, 2001 to 2020, adds some heft to this line of thought. There were 48 individual horses that accounted for these 60 races, and they were sired by 39 unique sires (Maria's Mon, Distorted Humor, A.P. Indy, Smart Strike, Birdstone, Awesome Again, and Curlin sired two each, and Tapit sired three). Eleven of these 39 stallions, or 28%–Daredevil, Constitution, Bodemeister, Maclean's Music, Uncle Mo, Curlin, Birdstone, Medaglia d'Oro, Street Cry (Ire), Distorted Humor, and Maria's Mon–were represented by first-crop Classic winners, with Birdstone astonishingly represented by two, Gl Kentucky Derby winner Mind That Bird and Belmont S. winner Summer Bird in 2009. If you add the seven Classic winners from second crops to this total, then 18 of 39 sires, or 46%, were successful. These are big numbers for unproven horses, and it helps to explain in part why first-crop yearlings–and some from second crops–are in demand at the sales.

Keep in mind that we're only looking at first-crop Grade I Classic successes in this chart, but if you consider other races, you'll find significant examples of similar success. Take 3-year-old Pink Kamehameha (Jpn), the Japanese-trained winner of the Saudi Derby, who is from the first crop of his sire Leontes (Jpn), just as last season's champion 2-year-old filly Vequist is a member of her sire Nyquist's first crop and recent 4-year-old Japanese Group 1 winner Cafe Pharoah is one of three top-level first-crop winners for American Pharoah, and so on.

 

Commercial Breeding Paradigm

To better process first-crop success, first understand that commercial breeders now dominate the industry, particularly in Kentucky. Note from the chart that 32 of the 48 Classic winners, or 67%, went through the sales ring, and this figure includes homebred winners American Pharoah, Union Rags, and Animal Kingdom. Even counting these three in both categories, there were only 17 homebred Classic winners from 48, or 35%. War Emblem was a homebred sold privately before the Classics, and Funny Cide, a $22,000 yearling, was sold privately before he raced.

Contrast this to 50 years ago over the 20-year period of 1951 to 1970 when 30 of 49 Classic winners, or 61%, were homebreds, with only one these, Northern Dancer, offered for sale at auction, at E.P. Taylor's annual yearling sale. During this time frame, only 17, or 35%, went through a ring. It's not an urban legend that there's been a significant shift to the commercial marketplace from breeding to race, and these numbers illustrate this, inter alia, as lawyers would say.

The savviest of commercial breeders primarily tend to patronize two types of stallions: first-year horses (and to a lesser extent, some second-year sires) and proven stallions with more than five crops. Homebreeders who race their stock are more likely to mostly use proven horses (unless they had something to do with an unproven horse, as Prince Faisal did with Mishriff's sire), and this is illustrated well in the chart. When first-crop stallions weren't involved, most of the Classic winners were by proven sires, such as Lookin At Lucky, War Front, Awesome Again, Scat Daddy, Tapit, Curlin, Malibu Moon, Dixie Union, Smart Strike, A.P. Indy, Dynaformer, etc., for commercial and homebreeders alike. But note that of the 17 homebred Classic winners, only two–Street Sense and Summer Bird–were by first-year sires.

Commercial breeders prefer first-year sires because there's less downside risk selling their yearlings compared to second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-year stallions. For example, as I've written here previously, a second-crop yearling will come to market when the sire's first crop is two, and if those first 2-year-olds fail to perform by sales time, the second-crop yearlings will get punished in the ring. Likewise, a breeder bringing a third-crop yearling to the sale will have to contend with the success or failure of the sire's 3-year-olds and 2-year-olds, and so on. For most commercial breeders, this is a level of risk they are not willing to assume, because what they breed is designated for the sales ring and a healthy return on investment with minimum risk is paramount to their survival.

It's for this reason that stallions specifically in their third, fourth, and fifth years at stud see their patronage drop. There's also a commensurate drop in the quality of their mares, too, and stud managers, instead of being picky about who gets in, actively solicit mares and are all open arms to anyone that can pay the fee–which is usually significantly reduced by this time from when the horse first entered stud.

Homebreeders, however, aren't averse to using stallions in their third, fourth, and fifth years at stud – Birdstone (4th crop), California Chrome (4th crop), and Country House (5th crop)–because selling isn't their priority. However, because their numbers have decreased through the years as noted, so, too, has patronage for these horses.

And because commercial breeders now dominate the business and control many of the best mares at each stud-fee range, first-crop runners (and some from second crops) should continue to do well, in line with the trends we're seeing.

   Sid Fernando is president and CEO of Werk Thoroughbred Consultants, Inc., originator of the Werk Nick Rating and eNicks.

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Egan Comes Of Age With Cup Win

By the time David Egan was born Mike Smith had already won two Eclipse Awards for Outstanding Jockey. Smith is still very much at the top of his game at the age of 55, but it was the 21-year-old Egan who got the upper hand in the richest race in the world on Saturday when guiding Mishriff (Ire) (Make Believe {GB}) to an important home victory for Prince A A Faisal in the $20-million Saudi Cup.

The fact that the youngster is the retained rider for such a respected international owner/breeder speaks volumes for the regard in which he has been held since being crowned champion apprentice in 2017. Rarely has the phrase 'an old head on young shoulders' been more apt than when it comes to Egan. In conversation, he is considered and courteous in his responses, even when it comes to discussing the biggest win of his career to date—a result which would entitle him to crow a little.

Speaking from Bahrain, where he has been riding throughout the winter, he says of the aftermath of Saturday's Saudi Cup victory, “It's just starting to calm down now. I got loads of messages on what's app and social media and I'm still replying to them all now. Since I've come back to Bahrain I've been riding a few lots early every morning so that brings you back to planet Earth. But it was a fantastic weekend. It was great to have dad there and it was a fantastic effort by the Saudi Cup team just to get the meeting to go ahead at all. To get so many people from all over the world there wasn't easy but they got it done.”

Egan, who grew up in Ireland but is now based in Newmarket in the UK, has used his winters wisely to gain experience in different jurisdictions. Over the last few months he has predominantly been attached to the in-form stable of Fawzi Nass. 

“When there's no turf racing [in Britain] in the winter months and the majority of the trainers that I ride for don't have many runners on the all-weather it gives me a chance to go and explore the world,” he explains. “I've gone to Australia, America, now Bahrain, and it's something I will definitely look forward to, adding to the visas on my passport.”

Throughout the fledgling years of his career and on his travels, Egan has been mentored by his father, John, a Classic-winning jockey still race-riding at the age of 52 but arguably playing a more important role in the honing of his eldest son's abundant talent. 

“My dad has been great, not only helping me but also guiding me in the right direction and then letting me go and do what I need to do. But I know he's always there whenever I need him,” says Egan, whose mother Sandra Hughes trained, notably winning the Irish Grand National in the aftermath of the death of her father, the legendary National Hunt jockey and trainer Dessie Hughes. The young Egan can also call on the expertise of his uncle, former three-time champion jockey Richard Hughes, who now trains in Lambourn, while fellow jockey Paul Mulrennan is his father's cousin.

“With the family so steeped in racing, although my accomplishments are good for me and everyone is happy for me, everyone else has their own accomplishments in different ways. Obviously with Richard being a trainer, my dad is a jockey, and when my grandad was training, everyone has their own little piece of racing and it's a fantastic sport to be a part of,” he says.

“I'm just thankful I grew up in a family that was in amongst it as I probably wouldn't be in the situation I am in today without them. I grew up in Ireland going racing every weekend with my grandfather, predominantly jump racing, to Punchestown, Fairyhouse. And then when I was about 13 or 14 I decided I did want to be a jockey and I was quite small so I thought a Flat jockey would be the right route to take. Thankfully it has worked out.”

The jockey will doubtless feel some relief not just at winning such a major prize for his boss but also for regaining the ride on Mishriff. He was aboard when the colt won his maiden by 10 lengths at Nottingham as a 2-year-old, as well as when he was second in the Saudi Derby on his first trip to Riyadh, and for his first black-type win in the Listed Newmarket S. But quarantine and travel complications in the midst of the pandemic meant that Egan was unable to ride him in the G1 Prix du Jockey Club, which Mishriff won under French-based Ioritz Mendizabal, while Frankie Dettori was aboard for his follow-up win in the G2 Prix Guillaume d'Ornano back in Deauville.

“I'm just delighted to have got back on board,” he says. “I'm very thankful to Prince Faisal for putting his trust in me. He could easily have gone for an American jockey who is a lot more used to riding on the dirt week in and week out. I was delighted to repay his faith in me by steering Mishriff home, but I wouldn't have been able to do it if it wasn't for Mishriff—he's an absolute champion who has got a huge heart and is tremendously versatile.”

While Egan is quick to credit his mount, he had also done plenty of homework ahead of the race, particularly as the dirt is a relatively unfamiliar surface for European jockeys.

“I was very determined that I would have a plan going into the race,” he says. “I studied all the form, got advice from lots of different people regarding riding on the dirt and on the other horses in the race. I went through it with people in America who do Timeform figures. So I had a plan, and if Mishriff did happen to jump slowly and wasn't able to go with them, I had plan B and C ready to go, but thankfully plan A was executed perfectly thanks to the great horse I was on top of.” 

Reflecting on how the race unfolded, he adds, “I knew once I'd gone 50 yards that he was moving well and travelling strongly. We were able to get that nice position in behind Charlatan. Mike Smith and Joel Rosario [on Knicks Go] didn't go a breakneck pace, which is obviously what you'd expect from world-class jockeys, but he travelled really well in behind the leaders—nearly too well for the dirt because you can over-travel on the dirt, you always want to be in a relaxed rhythm.”

He continues, “It was only round the bend when I got into a little bit of trouble when Mishriff got a bit flat-footed. He's probably a ten-furlong-plus horse rather than those quick milers, but thankfully the straight is long enough that we could catch Mike Smith and Charlatan before the line. The nice, long straight in Riyadh suited my horse as there was more of an emphasis on stamina rather than quickening off the bend. He's a top-class horse and no doubt he'll be even better over a furlong or two farther.”

Egan continues, “Riding against Mike Smith and Joel Rosario, along with other names who were in the race at the Saudi Cup meet, well it's the richest race in the world and it's a privilege to ride against such great riders. Luckily I was on the best horse on the day.”

Barring a potential return to ride at Lingfield on Mar. 6—quarantine allowing—Egan will remain in Bahrain until the British turf season gets underway, and his next big raceday to look forward to in the Middle East is the King's Cup on Mar. 12, in which he is likely to be riding for Fawzi Nass. A potential run in the Dubai World Cup is still being considered for Mishriff. Egan will return subsequently to his regular job with Roger Varian, for whom he had his first ride in a Classic when third on Qabala (Scat Daddy) in the 1000 Guineas two years ago. This provided an historic moment for the Egan family and the rare occasion of father and son riding against each other in a British Classic, as John was aboard the Mark Tompkins-trained Garrel Glen (GB) (Mount Nelson {GB}). 

“I'll be riding for Prince Faisal again this year and he has a horse with Mr Varian and with Mr Gosden, as well as a couple in France which might be a bit more difficult to go and ride. We will have to see how the quarantine restrictions change throughout the year,” says Egan.

“I think Prince Faisal was almost in shock after the Saudi Cup, as was I. It was tremendous for him and for his successful breeding operation that he has had probably longer than I have been alive. He's bred so many good horses in the family. He raced Mishriff's sire and bred his dam, and that's extra special. Buying the winner of the Saudi Cup is one thing but breeding him must mean Mishriff has an extra special place in his heart. It's an honour to be involved with the horse.”

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Bloodlines Presented By Mill Ridge Farm: Saudi Cup Winner Mishriff Extends Middle East’s Racing Legacy

The victory of last year's Prix du Jockey Club (French Derby) winner Mishriff (by Make Believe) in the 2021 Saudi Cup on Feb. 20 was a fascinating piece of international sporting competition, and the result highlighted a couple of interesting points.

One is that international racing has resoundingly shifted the basis and emphasis of winter racing to the warmer climates, especially those of the Middle East. The second is that one of the architects of that shift in emphasis, Sheikh Mohammed al Maktoum of the UAE, has almost single-handedly also managed the continuation of one of the handsomest and most talented branches of the Mr. Prospector line.

Although neither owned nor bred by one of the Maktoum entities, Mishriff is an extension of the line descending from Mr. Prospector's elegant and highly talented son Seeking the Gold, bred and owned by Ogden Phipps and a stallion at Claiborne Farm in Kentucky for his entire career. Sheikh Mohammed bred the best son of Seeking the Gold, the once-beaten Dubai Millennium, whose nine victories included four Group 1 races: Dubai World Cup, Prince of Wales's Stakes, Prix Jacques le Marois, and the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes.

A remarkably handsome horse who stayed 10 furlongs well, Dubai Millennium went to stud with great expectations. This exceptional animal, however, fell victim to grass sickness and died part-way through his first season at stud in 2001. He left behind only 56 foals born the next year, and yet from that small group comes the continuation of this line of Mr. Prospector.

Although the sire of several good horses from his first crop, the star was Dubawi, a winner of three Group 1 races: National Stakes at two; the Irish 2,000 Guineas and Jacques le Marois at three. Second in the G1 Queen Elizabeth II and third in the G1 Derby Stakes at Epsom, Dubawi stayed quite well, although he was a touch off his amazing sire for absolute ability.

Sent to stud at four in 2006, Dubawi has been a revelation as a stallion, siring 52 G1 winners to date and standing now for 250,000 euros (US$303,638) for a live foal. Among the stallion's G1 winners are the highweighted Ghaiyyath (Coronation Cup and Eclipse Stakes) and Too Darn Hot (Dewhurst), as well as the classic winners Night of Thunder (2,000 Guineas), New Bay (Prix du Jockey Club), and Makfi (2,000 Guineas).

The latter was rated the top 3-year-old miler in Europe in 2010 and entered stud in 2011. From Makfi's first crop came Make Believe, a smooth bay colt who won a pair of G1 races: the 2015 Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2,000 Guineas) and Prix de la Foret. Those efforts were enough to give Make Believe the top ranking among the French 3-year-old colts in 2015.

The next year, however, his sire Makfi was sold to Japan. In the fall of 2016, the Japanese Bloodstock Breeders' Association announced that they had purchased Makfi to stand in Japan at the JBBA Stallion Station.

Typically, the exit abroad of a stallion when his first crop are only four is a decidedly negative sign. Makfi's top son, Make Believe, however, went to stud in 2016 and has proceeded to go from strength to greater strength.

With his first crop now four, Make Believe has sired French classic winner Mishriff, and that colt is a key to the enduring fortunes of this line because Mishriff's owner-breeder, Prince A.A. Faisal, also owned and raced Make Believe.

As a weanling, Make Believe sold to Hugo Merry for 180,000 guineas at the 2012 Tattersalls mixed sale and went into training with Andre Fabre for Prince Faisal. After winning a pair of G1s at three, Make Believe went to stud in Ireland at Ballylinch Stud, where he stands today.

Mishriff is from his sire's first crop and is the third stakes horse from three racers out of the mare Contradict, a daughter of Breeders' Cup Classic winner Raven's Pass (Elusive Quality). The mare's earlier produce are the listed stakes winner Orbaan (Invincible Spirit) and multiple G3-placed Momkin (Bated Breath).

Prince Faisal's Nawara Stud bred the colt in Ireland, and he is the fourth generation of the family owned by Prince Faisal. Nawara Stud bred Mishriff's third dam Rafha (Kris) from the Artaius mare Eljaazi, and the elegant chestnut won the 1990 Prix de Diane at Chantilly.

Sent to stud, Rafha produced four stakes winners, three stakes-placed performers, and a pair of high-quality stallions. First among those was the mare's fifth foal, G1 winner Invincible Spirit (Green Desert), who included Haydock's Sprint Cup among his six victories and who has become an overachieving sire in Europe as an influence for speed and durability. The less-expected sire from Rafha is Kodiac (Danehill), whose best racecourse achievement was a second in a G3 stakes but who has been a marvel at producing speed and precocity. He is the leading sire of 2-year-old winners for a single season with 61.

Two years younger than Kodiac is the now 18-year-old Acts of Grace (Bahri), a G3 stakes-winning daughter of Rafha and the dam of Contradict.

Mishriff is the last reported foal of his dam, but Contradict is in foal to the great Frankel (Galileo) for 2021.

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