Judge: ‘Wiretapping Is Appropriate to Investigate Conspiracies’

The judge in the federal doping conspiracy case used words like “frivolous” and “weak” to swat away motions made by seven defendants to suppress wiretap and other electronic evidence in trails that are expected to commence in 2022.

The opinion and order filed Dec. 8 by Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil in United States District Court (Southern District of New York) follows a verbal ruling she made Nov. 4 during a status conference that denied all of the related motions made during the late summer by Jason Servis, Seth Fishman, Lisa Giannelli, Erica Garcia, Michael Tannuzzo, Alexander Chan and Rick Dane, Jr.

“The Court has considered all of the arguments raised in all of the suppression motions filed in this case and has concluded that none warrants the suppression of evidence or a hearing,” Vyskocil wrote. “To the contrary, based on the Court's careful review of the application for each challenged wiretap order and search warrant, there is no question that the issuing judicial officer in each instance had a substantial basis for the finding of probable cause.”

Some of the challenged evidence included conversations recorded off the phone of now-barred trainer Jorge Navarro, who has since pleaded guilty to one count in the years-long Thoroughbred drugging conspiracy.

Intercepted calls included statements about Navarro obtaining and/or using purported performance-enhancing equine drugs, such as an unregulated version of clenbuterol, “trays of red acid,” and “24 bottles” of a substance. Other evidence included Navarro discussing the “doping and hiding” of a horse, the use of a “shock machine,” and even the now-infamous Monmouth Park video recorded by a bar patron in which Navarro celebrated a 2017 win by boasting about “juicing” horses.

“In challenging the Navarro wiretaps, the defendants unpersuasively attempt to 'dissect' the affidavits and argue that individual pieces of evidence did not establish probable cause,” Vyskocil wrote. “Garcia, joined by Tannuzzo and Servis, argues that the government did not establish that the aforementioned '24 bottles' were a prohibited substance. The government was not required to prove, in an application for a wiretap, that when Navarro said, 'Grab me…24 bottles,' he conspired to purchase and use a prohibited substance. Rather, it was required to offer evidence that, in a 'totality-of-circumstances' analysis, there was a 'fair probability' that Navarro was involved in a horse doping fraud scheme.”

Vyskocil also noted the extensive review process that was required before numerous other judges originally signed off on those wiretaps, which occurred over the course of 18 months prior to the March 2020 arrests of several dozen alleged conspirators.

“At least 13 judges independently found probable cause to authorize 15 different applications to begin or renew wiretaps,” Vyskocil wrote. “At least 10 magistrate judges found probable cause for search warrants.”

The order continued: “The defendants also challenge the Navarro wiretaps and other wiretaps that incriminated them on the ground that the government had failed to exhaust alternative investigative techniques. Their arguments are wholly unpersuasive…. The law in this Circuit is clear that wiretapping is appropriate to investigate conspiracies where 'the clandestine nature of alleged conspiracies makes them relatively less susceptible to normal investigative techniques'…

“Moreover, the government explained, none of the confidential sources had gotten close to Navarro and approaching him at that point was more likely to raise his suspicions than yield information. Affidavits in support of other wiretap applications cited this and additional evidence that the conspirators were cognizant of the need to maintain secrecy.”

Vyskocil summed up: “Certain defendants insist that the government should have been required to do more drug testing or more extensively investigate financial records. However, the government is not required to exhaust any particular avenue of investigation before seeking a wiretap. Moreover, as various affidavits made clear, the conspirators were using drugs that were designed to be undetectable by racing industry drug tests and went to great lengths to avoid creating financial or other records.”

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Feds: Fishman Still Selling PEDs Even as Trial Date Looms

An employee of Florida veterinarian Seth Fishman last week permitted Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents to search her workplace, and the inside tip has allegedly yielded evidence that Fishman is still selling purportedly performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) while awaiting an expected January start to his trail in the international racehorse doping conspiracy case.

“Remarkably, despite having been arrested in October 2019 and indicted in 2020 in connection with his sale of misbranded and adulterated drugs designed to be 'untestable' by various antidoping authorities, Fishman apparently persists in touting the efficacy of his drugs in evading antidoping testing regimes, labeling his new batches of HP Bleeder so as to indicate to his clientele that they contain no known 'testable' ingredients,'” stated a Dec. 6 court filing by the prosecution that asked a judge to consider revoking the bail terms of Fishman's pretrial release.

Fishman is charged with two felony counts related to drug alteration, misbranding, and conspiring to defraud the government. His case is being heard in United States District Court (Southern District of New York).

According to the filing, in the course of proffering an unnamed potential trial witness who has been a “long-time employee of Fishman's illegal drug distribution business” (variously operating under the names Equestology, Camelology, Equi-Tech and other monikers), the government was informed on Nov. 9 by “Employee-1” that Fishman's business “continued to operate in a purportedly limited” capacity.

“More specifically, Employee-1 informed the Government, in substance and in part, that Fishman's business was creating 'energy drinks' for foreign distribution and that Employee-1 remained tasked, by Fishman, with continuing to create a 'bleeder' paste (itself a drug containing active pharmaceutical ingredients), which Employee-1 also described as being for foreign distribution,” the filing stated.

“As charged in the Indictment, Fishman's drug operation is not registered or licensed with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to create, manufacture, and distribute drugs, including the 'bleeder' paste reportedly in continued production,” the filing stated.

After initially providing this information, Employee-1 and her attorney consented for FBI agents to accompany her to where she works for Fishman on Dec. 3.

“At that time, the FBI agents (accompanied throughout by Employee-1) discovered that Fishman is continuing to produce and distribute not only the paste identified by Employee-1 and the purported 'energy drinks,' but additional injectable, misbranded and adulterated PEDs, including the injectable drugs 'HP Bleeder' and 'PSDS: Pain Shot DS.'

“Labeling on certain of the vials discovered during this consent search reflect that Fishman continues to create and distribute these drugs today, including 'date of manufacture' markings reflecting activity even into 2021,” the filing stated.

The filing stated that “shipping material for 'E.G.H.' appears to be recently created packaging for equine growth hormone, a substance that, like HP Bleeder and various pain shots, were also sold by Fishman during and as part of the charged conspiracies.”

In asking the judge to consider revoking Fishman's bail, the filing stated that, “In addition to constituting evidence of the charged offenses and reflecting continued violation of federal law, the recent search reflects Fishman's failure to comply with the most basic term of his pretrial release, namely that he not 'violate federal, state, or local law while on release.'

“The drugs found in Fishman's offices continue to be manufactured through the same unregistered, unlicensed business that forms the basis of the charged offense, and include the drug 'HP Bleeder' previously obtained from multiple searches of premises controlled by Jorge Navarro, Lisa Giannelli, Christopher Oakes, as well as [other defendants],” the filing stated.

“As such, there is ample basis for a finding of probable cause that Fishman has flagrantly violated the terms of his pretrial release by committing an ongoing federal crime,” the filing stated.

The judge in the case immediately ordered a Dec. 20 hearing on the bail revocation request.

Fishman's attorney, Maurice Sercarz, told TDN in an email that “We will vigorously oppose any effort by the Government to modify Dr. Fishman's bail on the theory that he has engaged in continuing criminal conduct.”

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Navarro Wants Variance to Cut Five-Year Max Sentence By 30%

The barred trainer Jorge Navarro, who faces a five-year maximum prison term after pleading guilty in August to one count in a years-long Thoroughbred drugging conspiracy in exchange for having a similar second count against him dismissed, on Friday asked the federal judge who will sentence him Dec. 17 for a variance that could bring the most time he would spend behind bars down to about 3 1/2 years.

Navarro, through a sentencing submission report filed by his legal team Dec. 3 in United States District Court (Southern District of New York), is claiming that he executed a plea agreement July 29 with prosecutors that should reduce his adjusted offense level under federal sentencing guidelines by three levels based on his “complete and timely acceptance of responsibility.”

However, because of the way Navarro's pre-sentence investigation report (PSR) and the authorized statutory maximum guidelines have been calculated, Navarro “does not benefit from this adjustment.”

Navarro's lawyers put it this way: He pled guilty to one felony count of conspiring with others to administer non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA))-approved misbranded and adulterated drugs, including performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) that Navarro believed would be untestable and undetectable by racing authorities.

The PSR pegged his total offense level to 35, with a criminal history of category I, which yields a guideline imprisonment range of 168 to 210 months.

However, the authorized statutory maximum sentence in his case is only 60 months, which is “less than the minimum of the applicable guideline range.” This means that regardless of what the felony offense level directs, it is trumped by the five-year maximum stated in the applicable law, the court filing states.

But here's where Navarro's defense team thinks the adjustment needs to be tweaked further: “Although the PSR correctly calculates the advisory guideline range as 60 months, it fails to provide a three-level reduction for acceptance of responsibility,” the request for a variance states.

“In actuality, Jorge Navarro was assured a sentence of no more than five years regardless of whether he affirmatively accepted responsibility in this case…. Navarro satisfied the criteria…and he timely notified the government of his intention to enter a plea, thereby permitting the government to avoid preparing for trial and allowing the Court and the government to allocate their resources more efficiently.

“Because this guideline range exceeds the statutory maximum,…this Court is asked to adopt the rationale [in a precedent] and apply the three-level adjustment for acceptance of responsibility beginning at level 25, (57 to 71 months),” the filing continues. “This application would afford Mr. Navarro the full three-level reduction as agreed to in the written plea agreement, producing a total offense level of 22, and yielding an advisory guideline range of 41 to 51 months…

“Furthermore, while on pretrial release for over 21 months, Jorge Navarro has abided by all the terms and conditions of his bond without issue,” the filing states. “Additionally, the stipulated forfeiture of $70,000 will be satisfied prior to sentencing.”

Additionally, Navarro on Aug. 11 agreed to pay $25,860,514 in restitution to a list of victims whose identities won't be divulged until the government's final prosecutorial paperwork is due next week. It is unclear if he will have the resources to ever start paying down that amount.

Navarro had admitted in court when he pled guilty that restitution is correctly based on ill-gotten gains from the purse winnings of his trainees. That massive dollar amount equates to nearly 75% of all the purse winnings Navarro's horses amassed during his 15-year training career.

Navarro, 46, already admitted in open court that between 2016 and his arrest on Mar. 9, 2020, “I administered, and, at times, directed [others] working under my direction to administer non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, misbranded, adulterated drugs to increase performance of racehorses under my custody and care…

“[Drugs] were administered to horses without a valid prescription,” Navarro said when he entered his plea four months ago. “The drugs [were] blood-building substances, vasodilators, and imported, misbranded bronchodilators, 'bleeder' pills, and SGF-1000,” which is purported to be a customized PED intended to promote tissue repair and increase a horse's endurance.

Navarro also was the second guilty-pleading conspirator to specifically implicate fellow defendant and ruled-off trainer Jason Servis, for whom Navarro said he procured an “imported, misbranded bronchodilator” intended be used as a PED to help horses run faster.

Also back in August, Navarro admitted to administering illicit substances to the stakes stars of his stable during the 2010s decade, specifically citing X Y Jet, War Story, Shancelot and Sharp Azteca as examples.

MGSW Sharp Azteca ran huge Beyer Speed Figures of 112 and 115 in 2017. In 2019, Shancelot unleashed a 121 Beyer in a 12 1/2-length romp in a Saratoga Race Course Grade II stakes–a speed figure that represented the highest Beyer by any 3-year-old sprinter in the three-decade published history of those numbers.

Among the wiretapped interceptions the feds said they could have used as evidence against Navarro had his case gone to trial, one conversation allegedly involved Navarro admitting to dosing elite-level sprinter X Y Jet “with 50 injections [and] through the mouth” before a win in the Mar. 30, 2019, G1 Golden Shaheen in Dubai.

Ten months later, in January 2020, X Y Jet died suddenly, allegedly from cardiac distress that has never been fully documented or explained.

In Friday's sentencing submission by the defense team, Joel Lugo, a surgeon at Ocala Equine Hospital, was among the list of friends and family members who vouched for Navarro's character by providing a letter of reference on the admitted doper's behalf.

“I consulted in many cases as well as treated many of his horses including the famous horses X Y Jet and Sharp Azteca,” Lugo wrote. “When we discussed the health of his horses, he always considered the health and well-being of his horses. Decisions and treatments were made as animal lovers and not for any financial considerations or personal ambitions.

Lugo wrote that he had been in “constant communication” with Navarro about X Y Jet, although he did not shed any light about the exact circumstances of the sprinter's sudden death.

“I remember the day when XY Jet passed away. Jorge called me crying to tell me directly the news,” Lugo wrote. “I know Navarro was devastated because he truly loved X Y Jet.”

Jockey Jose Ferrer also wrote to the judge on the ruled-off trainer's behalf, stating that he “admired his hard work ethic and love for both the sport and animals.”

Rene Douglas, a former jockey who formed an ownership partnership for the MGISW Private Zone, said he chose Navarro to train the horse based on the conditioner's “knowledge and care as a horseman and character as a person.”

Yet even the sentencing submission by Navarro's own legal team acknowledges that  Navarro's horsemanship wasn't ideal.

“Jorge recognizes that his conduct in this case calls into question his care for his horses,” the court filing states.

The strain of maintaining a far-above-average winning percentage that hovered around 28% in tandem with his reputation as a conditioner who could get horses to improve dramatically was also indirectly cited in the court filing as a circumstance related to Navarro's pending imprisonment.

“Unfortunately, the pressure associated with professional horse racing and managing a 140-racehorse stable coupled with his insatiable desire to win tainted his judgment and led to his downfall, for which he takes full and complete responsibility,” the filing states. “Rather than stepping back and reevaluating, Jorge made life-altering choices that will haunt him forever.”

Navarro's lawyers noted in the filing that he is facing “an almost certain deportation” back to Panama, where he was born but currently has no family ties.

“In addition to a potential lengthy prison sentence, Jorge Navarro faces permanent separation from his family and an end to life as he has known it in the United States, despite the fact that he has been lawfully residing here for the last 35 years,” the filing states.

“Jorge's immigration status will also not allow him to benefit from an early release to a community corrections facility. He may even serve a longer incarceration term than ordered by the Court as a result of the collateral consequences of separate Department of Homeland Security deportation proceedings….

“Moreover, the conditions of confinement at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement deportation facility are known to be extremely poor in comparison to those at a Bureau of Prison's minimum security camp facility which Jorge would otherwise be designated to,” the filing states.

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Navarro Attorney: Former Trainer Facing ‘Almost Certain Deportation’

In addition to a possible federal prison sentence, former trainer Jorge Navarro may be deported as a result of his guilty plea to one count of conspiracy to commit drug adulteration and misbranding. Navarro is one of the most publicly-known defendants in the 2020 federal indictments of trainers, veterinarians, and drug makers in what prosecutors say was a wide-ranging network of people working together to dope racehorses.

Navarro entered his guilty plea to the charge in August and will be sentenced Dec. 17. He may be ordered to serve as much as five years in federal prison.

On Dec. 3, Navarro's defense attorneys filed their pre-sentencing report, accompanied by 100 pages of character references from family, friends, and racing connections. The report indicated that although Navarro legally immigrated to the United States from Panama some 35 years ago, he faces “almost certain deportation to a country where he has almost no familial, social, or economic ties.”

Due to his immigration status, his attorneys say Navarro will likely not be permitted to serve a federal prison term in a minimum-security facility, which means he may be sent to a prison out of state, far from his home and family. At the conclusion of his sentence, he may be transferred into the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and sent to one of their prisons ahead of deportation.

“Jorge recognizes that his conduct in this case calls into question his care for his horses, but those that know him as a horseman and trainer recognize his genuine love and devotion to his horses,” read the defense report. “At this juncture, having been absent from horse racing for almost two years, Jorge realizes the errors of his ways and is contrite, remorseful, and wishes he could roll back the hands of time.”

A number of former racing connections of Navarro wrote character references on his behalf, including former employees, owners, horse transporters, jockeys, and feed suppliers. Supportive former owners include Ron Hendrickson, Joseph Casciato, Jason Provenzano, Frank Rupolo, Dennis Amaty, and others. Jockeys Jose Ferrer, Isaac Castillo and Manny Jiminez, as well as former jockey Rene Douglas also wrote on behalf of Navarro. 

For several letter writers, Navarro's relationship with X Y Jet seemed to stand out.

“Because of his delicate knee conditions, the horse stayed in Ocala for a few months of the year every year to rest and rehab,” wrote veterinarian Dr. Joel Lugo of Ocala Equine Hospital, who noted the horse had two knee operations in 2015 and 2017. “We never discussed the use of any illegal or unethical treatment with him or with any of the other horses. The horse return [sic] to race when we though [sic] the horse was healthy and ready. There was never any pressure from Navarro or the owners. We even discussed his retirement on multiple occasions.”

“That horse loved Jorge; I mean I never seen anything like it,” wrote Navarro's mother-in-law, Cindy Harries. “That horse was mean with everyone and not easy to deal with. That horse was such a diva. Jorge would just stand there and X Y Jet would pin his ears flat against his head and come at Jorge who never twitched, and he would just stop and let Jorge pet him and kiss him on the nose. When X Y Jet died walking in the shed row after a routine gallop, a part of Jorge died too.”

X Y Jet was among the horses specifically named in the federal indictment as having been doped by Navarro, who admitted he gave the horse a blood builder before an allowance optional claiming race on Feb. 13, 2019, at Gulfstream Park and the Group 1 Dubai Golden Shaheen.

The prosecution's sentencing report is due to the court Dec. 10.

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