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Horses May Need Up To Three Weeks Of Recovery After A Virus

It's not just humans that should take it easy if they're ill: experts say horses that have had the flu or other respiratory issues should rest for at least three weeks to allow their bodies to heal. Though lower-level exercise isn't necessarily harmful, high-intensity exercise can suppress immune system response and increase the horse's susceptibility to disease.

Intensely exercising a recovering horse can also cause him to lose weight and tire more quickly, as well as have a harder time recovering. Exercising does not affect virus duration or the duration of virus shedding.

It takes a minimum of three weeks for the respiratory epithelium and the mucociliary apparatus to heal, so allowing horses to rest or complete only low-level exercise is imperative. If exercise is begun and the horse seems distressed, it should be stopped immediately. Open communication with the treating veterinarian is key to creating a return-to-work plan tailored to the horse and his specific health issue.

Can I Contract Coronavirus From My Horse? A Vet Responds

Just weeks before the COVID-19 pandemic became a reality for people in the United States, the equine version of the coronavirus was making its way through show facilities and racetracks across the nation. Thankfully, the equine coronavirus is not transmissible to humans and is not the cause of the worldwide pandemic.

Dr. James Williams of Novato, CA, reports that the only way a human could contract COVID-19 from a horse would be for an infected human to cough onto a horse's coat and then for another human to touch the horse (and the droplets), then touch his nose or mouth. This is the same way a non-infected human might contract COVID-19 from a countertop an infected person coughed on.

Thankfully, both scenarios seem highly unlikely: Most viruses are species specific. When horses are infected with the equine corona, they typically run a fever, have no appetite, are lethargic and have diarrhea. Rarely is their respiratory tract affected. Equine coronavirus typically lasts four to five days and recovery is generally uneventful. Supportive therapies may be used, including administering fluids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories.

Equine coronavirus is spread between horses through the fecal-oral route: a horse must have direct contact with infected feces to contract the disease. Clinical signs typically begin between 48 and 72 hours after exposure; the horse will shed the virus in his feces three to four days after exposure. This may cause horse's feces to test negative for the disease in its early stages. The horse sheds the most amount of disease three to four days after clinic signs begin.

Infected horses generally shed the disease for about three weeks. Asymptomatic shedders can also spread the disease. How long the disease can last in the environment is not known, similar to human coronaviruses. Equine coronavirus is often seen in cold weather, though transmission in warmer months is possible.

Excessive Drinking May Indicate Ill Health

Horses that urinate excessively suffer from polyuria (PU); to remain adequately hydrated, the horse must increase his drinking, called polydipsia (PD). These conditions, which often go hand-in-hand, can indicate disease or a behavior problem, or be a consequence of diet, says Dr. Harold Schott of Michigan State University.

A horse's kidneys filter waste products from the blood and eliminate them from the body in the form of urine. They also regulate the volume of water in the body by concentrating or diluting urine. Nearly 100 percent of water filtered from the blood is reabsorbed by the kidney tubules. A small decrease in water reabsorption can result in a large increase in urine production.

Diet affects urine output in distinct ways. A foal drinking his dam's milk may ingest as much as five times as much water as an adult horse and produce clear urine 10 to 12 times a day. A mature horse on an all-hay diet may only pass dark yellow urine two or three times a day. Horses fed mainly alfalfa may have wetter stalls with fewer manure piles; this is because legume hay is higher in protein and calcium, and is more digestible than grass hay.

Excessive urination can be caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the kidneys can no longer produce concentrated urine. A horse suspected of having this disease will need blood drawn to test its nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, which will be higher if the horse has CKD.

If urine samples collected from the affected horse show nothing out of the ordinary, the horse may be drinking excessive amounts of water out of boredom. This occurs most often in horses that are confined to stalls most of the day. This behavior can be modified by allowing the horse more turnout time or limiting his water supply to two five-gallon buckets a day.

Disturbance In Sleep Patterns May Indicate Equine Ill Health

Researchers in England are monitoring the nightly sleeping patterns of horses to try to determine if rest patterns may indicate that a horse is feeling unwell. The scientists, based at Nottingham Trent University, will take into account other factors like temperature, age, personality and exercise, which may influence rest. They hope that if they can discover what is “normal” for a particular horse, that deviation from this normal pattern will alert owners that something may be wrong.

Horses have two sleep phases: slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Horses that are sleeping while standing experience only slow-wave sleep; to enter REM sleep, the horse must lie down. REM sleep is very important for equine physical and mental well being.

Horses that can't lie down, whether because of illness, injury or environmental stress, will become sleep deprived. As owners generally don't see their horses sleep, sleep deprivation may go unnoticed until it become extreme.

To help them in their research, scientists will analyze videos of equine actions over multiple nights, recording the behavior of each horse. The horses will also be fit with an accelerometer that will record the horse's movement. The researchers plan to use two different populations of horses: riding school horses and racehorses to help them understand the different sleeping patterns.