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Rep. Paul Tonko Named 2020 Humane Horseman Of The Year

The Humane Society of the United States today honored Rep. Paul Tonko, D-N.Y., as its 2020 Humane Horseman of the Year. This annual award is given to an individual who demonstrates an outstanding commitment to protecting American equines. Rep. Tonko is specifically being recognized for his dedication to the passage of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act in December 2020, which marked a significant step in protecting hundreds of thousands of racehorses now and for the foreseeable future, and for his ongoing leadership and support on several other equine welfare initiatives.

Rep. Tonko is a longtime member of the Congressional Animal Protection Caucus and has consistently championed horse protection legislation including the Save America's Forgotten Equines Act to prevent the slaughter of American horses and the Prevent All Soring Tactics Act to protect certain gaited horse breeds from the abusive training practice known as soring.

“During his time in Congress, Representative Tonko has been a tireless champion for equine protection, always going above and beyond,” stated Keith Dane, senior director of equine protection at the Humane Society of the United States. “We are so appreciative of his remarkable leadership to stop terrible cruelties to equines including the slaughter of horses for human consumption, soring of Tennessee walking horses and related breeds to win prizes, and doping of racehorses, which has caused so many tragic fatalities.”

“I am humbled to be named Humane Horseman of the Year by the Humane Society of the United States,” stated Rep. Tonko. “My work—really our work—to elevate the sport of horseracing with strong, enforceable standards of integrity and safety would not have been possible without all of the champions working to lift up the health of our equine athletes. I look forward to a long successful partnership as we continue paving a bright future for this noble sport.”

In the House of Representatives Rep. Tonko was the lead sponsor of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act, which was signed into law in December of 2020. This law will address widespread doping—a key contributing factor to frequent fatalities on American racetracks, as horses including injured ones are drugged up with painkillers and performance-enhancing substances and pushed beyond their limits. This animal protection measure will ban race-day medication, substantially increase out-of-competition testing and establish uniform national rules and oversight for the use of drugs in racehorses, replacing the hodgepodge of different rules in 38 U.S. racing jurisdictions. It creates a new independent nonprofit authority that will contract with the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency as its anti-doping and medication control enforcement agency.

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Study Examines Prevalence of Quarter Cracks in High-Performance Horses

Like equine athletes in all disciplines, Thoroughbred racehorses face hoof-related challenges, including quarter cracks. In an effort to better understand this hoof wall abnormality, researchers investigated the incidence, clinical presentation and future racing performance of Thoroughbreds with quarter cracks over a nine-year period.*

A quarter crack is a full-thickness failure of the hoof capsule between the toe and heel that may extend the entire height of the hoof, from coronary band to ground. The separation often results in unsoundness due to instability of the hoof wall or infection of the deep dermal tissue, though many horses remain free of lameness despite the presence of a quarter crack.

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Quarter cracks are thought to arise for many reasons: innate hoof weakness; improper hoof balance; injury or trauma to the coronary band; or infection of the corium, part of the internal vascular network of the hoof. Poor farriery may contribute to hoof imbalance, which could contribute to crack formation. A common finding among horses with quarter cracks is sheared heels, an unevenness of the heels that causes unequal weight-bearing on the bulbs and creates a shearing force absorbed by the hoof capsule.

During the nine-year study period, just over 4,500 horses in a training center were followed. Seventy-four horses had at least one quarter crack during the study period. Twenty horses had two or more quarter cracks. Almost half of all horses with quarter cracks were lame at the onset of the defect.

An overwhelming number of cracks occurred in the front hooves and there was a proportional difference in the number of cracks in the left rather than right front hooves. Most of the cracks came about on the inside of the hooves.

The quarter cracks identified in this study were treated in various ways, though the principle treatments included corrective shoeing with a heart-bar shoe, wire stabilization, and the use of epoxy or acrylic. Treatment goals centered around correcting the hoof imbalance and eliminating uneven movement.

Racing performance following treatment was available for 63 of the 74 horses. Of the 63 horses, 54 horses had at least one start after treatment. When compared to control horses, there was no significant difference in the number of career races, career wins and career placings for horses with quarter cracks.

As mentioned previously, horses genetically predisposed to weak hoof walls might be susceptible to quarter cracks. Racehorses are generally well-nourished, as trainers know the importance of sound nutrition in conditioning an athlete. Aside from high-quality forage and fortified concentrates, horses inclined to poor-quality hooves should be given a research-proven hoof supplement. Biotin should be a primary ingredient in the supplement, but other ingredients will further support hoof health. A high-quality hoof supplement also contains methionine, iodine and zinc.

*McGlinchey, L., P. Robinson, B. Porter, A.B.S. Sidhu, and S.M. Rosanowski. 2020. Quarter cracks in Thoroughbred racehorses trained in Hong Kong over a 9-year period (2007-2015): Incidence, clinical presentation, and future racing performance. Equine Veterinary Education 32 (Suppl. 10):18-24.

Omega-3s And Inflammation In Athletic Horses

Inflammation is part and parcel to building strength and fitness in equine athletes. One key to training, however, is keeping inflammation at controllable levels after exercise so recovery occurs quickly and training continues unhindered. New findings from Kentucky Equine Research (KER) suggest long-chain omega-3s may be useful in managing inflammation in hard-working horses.

Using eight Thoroughbreds in race training, the researchers designed a 28-day study to determine the effect of long-chain omega-3 (EO-3) supplementation and exercise on blood serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and inflammation. The enzyme GGT breaks down glutathione, a potent antioxidant. As levels of GGT rise, less glutathione is available to neutralize free radicals, leaving more cells susceptible to the damaging effects of oxidation.

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“Interest in the effect of omega-3s on inflammation stemmed from consistently high concentrations of the enzyme GGT in blood samples of some racing Thoroughbreds,” said Laura Petroski-Rose, B.V.M.S., a veterinarian with Kentucky Equine Research.

In the study, four of the horses were supplemented daily with 60 mL (2 ounces) of EO-3, while four horses served as controls and received the same feed without EO-3. All horses were fed 13to 15 pounds (6-7 kg) of a commercial racing feed (12 percent protein, 8 percent fat) with free-choice timothy hay. During the study, the horses were galloped three times per week (1-1.5 miles per session) on a racetrack and jogged three times per week (30 minutes per session) on a mechanical exerciser. At the conclusion of the 28 days, the horses performed an exercise test on the racetrack that consisted of a warm-up jog, ten-furlong (2,000-meter) gallop, and a two-furlong (400-meter) breeze. Blood samples were taken before exercise as well as two and four hours post-exercise.

The horses supplemented with EO-3 had significantly lower GGT levels two and four hours post-exercise compared to the control horses. This may have resulted from a reduction in inflammation observed post-exercise in the horses fed EO-3. Read more about the study.

Can You Really Teach An Old Dog New Tricks? Maybe, Study Says

A German study has found that more dominant horses may be slower to learn new tasks than their submissive counterparts, reports EQUUS magazine.

Though herd leaders tend to be older, age has nothing to do with the horses' cognitive ability in this instance. Instead, horses that are more alpha are often unmotivated to try new methods of obtaining resources.

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Researchers observed 30 horses of varying ages that had been in stable herds for at least two years and noted the hierarchy. The team then chose a horse that ranked in the middle of the pecking order and taught him to open a box that had food inside. The other horses in the herd were allowed to watch the horse open the box several times.

The other horses were then given an opportunity to open the box. The scientists found that young, low-ranking horses were more likely to open the box after watching the demonstrator horse. Older horses were equally as successful at opening the box, but were less inclined to try to open it.

The team hypothesized that the older, higher-ranking horses may be less likely to copy their younger, lower-ranking counterparts because young horses may not know what they're doing. For example, a young horse may consume forage that is dangerous. The older horses may also not copy behaviors because they have an established herd rank which provides them ample access to resources at all times.