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Two Copies Of White Coat Allele May Be Lethal In Ponies

The dominant gene responsible for white coats in American Shetland ponies and miniature horses has
been identified, and is likely lethal if inherited from both sire and dam.

Dr. Elizabeth Esdaile and a research team from the University of California Davis Veterinary Genetics
Laboratory screened 19 unregistered Shetland ponies from one ranch for a variety of white pattern
markers.

The researchers found inexplicable coat colors in 14 of the ponies, and began looking for other
dominant white variants. They found that all 14 were heterozygous for the W13 gene. Prior to this
discovery, W13 had only been found in two Quarter Horses-Peruvian Paso crosses and one Australian
miniature horse family.

All ponies with the W13 allele had all-white coats with pink skin phenotype, no matter which other
white spotting variants were present.

The scientists also tested hair samples of 25 miniature horses and five Shetland ponies, each of which
their owners called “white.” Two of the miniature horses were heterozygous for the W13 gene. There
were no homozygous ponies; researchers say that homozygosity is most likely lethal.

The scientists noted that the Shetland ponies that had the W13 allele were not registered, and none of
the registered Shetland ponies had the allele. The team suggested that the unregistered Shetlands may
have some Miniature Horse breeding in their past.

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The researchers said these results highlight the presence of the W13 allele in both Shetland ponies and
the American Miniature Horse, and the importance of testing for the variant since inheriting two copies
of the gene is most likely lethal.

Read the study here.

30 Horses ‘In Very Poor Condition’ Seized By Animal Services In California

Thirty horses, including multiple pregnant or nursing mares, have been seized during the course of an animal welfare investigation in Riverbank, Calif., reports The Modesto Bee. Authorities have not released the name of the individual alleged to be in charge of a breeding operation at the property, and it is believed that two or more of the animals may be stolen.

“I can tell you the animals were in very poor condition,” Annette Bedsworth, executive director of Stanislaus County Animal Services, told modbee.com. “This was unnecessary. It did not need to happen.”

The horses are all receiving veterinary care from Sweet River Equine Clinic.

A GoFundMe page gives unconfirmed account of the investigation and alleges that there may be up to 50 additional horses at other properties.

All 30 horses went to the Oakdale Equine Rescue, which is fostering the animals until the investigation and legal action is complete. The rescue asks that individuals with inquiries about lost/stolen/leased horses by sending an email to oakdaleequinerescue@gmail.com including: full name, address, and phone number; detailed information as to how the horse came up missing, stolen or leased and to whom they were leased to as well as that location; and a list of concerns and pictures, registration papers, microchip registration, tattoo or freeze brand or any identifying scars or marks.

Donations for the horses' care may be made directly to Oakdale Equine Rescue or Sweet River Equine Clinic.

Shoes And Hoof Circulation: Is There A Connection?

Specific shoes are often recommended by veterinarians to aid horses facing a variety of issues, from abscesses and lameness to musculoskeletal issues and environmental conditions. These shoes affect the horse's hoof in a variety of ways. A Polish study evaluated how two different types of shoes may affect hoof circulation.

Dr. Marta Mieszkowska and a team of researchers used thermography to measure distal limb temperatures on 16 Warmbloods that had been diagnosed with navicular bone changes or deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) injuries. The horses were divided into two groups: the navicular horses were shod with egg-bar shoes and the DDFT horses were shod with wedge pads.

The egg-bar shoes shifted the horse's weight to the rear of the foot and increased the sole surface. The team noted that the shoes may compress blood vessels and adversely affect soft tissues.

The study showed that since w edge pads force the horse's coffin joint into a more-flexed position, they could increase pressure on an artery while reducing the load on the DDFT.

The research team determined that egg-bar shoes decreased the median temperature of the heel portion of the hoof. Wedge pads decreased the median minimal temperature in the heel and toe of the hoof.

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The authors concluded that horseshoes may have a negative impact on blood circulation in the hoof, and noted that different types of shoes may result in different temperature differences.

Blea, Baker Among California Veterinarians Hit With Accusations From Veterinary Medical Board

Three racetrack veterinarians in Southern California are the subjects of formal “accusation” documents from the state's veterinary medical board saying they violated a series of regulations governing their jobs. Dr. Jeff Blea, longtime racetrack practitioner and equine medical director for the California Horse Racing Board, is facing eight causes for discipline; Dr. Vince Baker, practitioner and managing licensee of Equine Medical Center in Cypress, Calif., faces 15 causes for discipline; Dr. Sarah Graybill Jones, a practitioner who works for Equine Medical Center, faces seven causes for discipline.

All three could see their veterinary licenses revoked or suspended, may be required to pay the Board back for reasonable costs of investigation, and/or be ordered to pay fines not exceeding $5,000.

The accusation documents represent the charges filed by the veterinary board. Hearings have yet to be held to determine whether and what disciplinary action may be taken.

The primary focus for much of the accusation documents involves record-keeping, both records of examination and diagnosis ahead of treatment and records of drugs dispensed, including controlled substances in some instances. In several cases, the veterinary medical board accuses the veterinarians of failing to establish a valid veterinary-client-patient relationship (VCPR) per state regulations because it's not clear from existing records that the veterinarians examined horses prior to dispensing medications.

The accusations outline the treatment of racehorses identified only by their initials and in large part, without trainer or owner names attached. The exception seems to be in the accusation document for Baker. As managing licensee of Equine Medical Center, he is considered to have some responsibility for the record-keeping of veterinarians working at the practice. A portion of the accusation document detailed records from other veterinarians at the clinic that seemed to similarly be missing identifying information, examination records, or treatment plans as required by law. In these cases, specific clients (trainers) were mentioned and included Carla Gaines, Doug O'Neill, and Bob Baffert. Baker has long been a key part of the veterinary team treating Baffert's horses, although in the accusation documents the medical board noted it was Jones who administered treatments to two unidentified Baffert horses and later billed the treatments under Baker's name.

The majority of substances listed in the documents are routine and legal therapeutic medications. By the veterinary medical board's legal definition, however, some were considered “dangerous” if they bore the phrase “RX only” on the label. Many, like Lasix, aren't considered by a layperson's definition to be inherently dangerous or exotic. Some of the drugs mentioned however, were also considered by the state to be misbranded because they were produced outside of federal oversight. Thyro-L, the trade name for levothyroxine powder, falls into this category as it is not FDA-approved and was allegedly dispensed by both Baker and Blea. Baker is also accused of using compounded substances from Buy Rite Drugs which were missing best usage dates, as well as Stop Two and EMP Drench, which the board also says fit the state's definition of misbranded drugs.

Some of the records the board considered to be inadequate from Baker's practice were for more tightly-regulated substances like Euthasol and ketamine.

An anonymous tip earlier this year prompted the investigation by the medical board into Blea in February. Blea took over his current role as CHRB equine medical director in June. In Baker's case, the medical board had performed a routine inspection of EMC's mobile unit in August 2019 and noted deficiencies in medical records and drug logs. The board visited the clinic's base in May 2020 and also received an anonymous complaint about Baker and others in February 2021.

Although identifying horse information was excluded in the documents, treatment dates were included. For Blea, they ranged from early 2020 to February 2021. For Baker, the dates ranged from January 2019 to August 2020. For Jones, the dates were concentrated in March 2020.

According to a report from the Los Angeles Times Dec. 23, an emergency hearing in Blea's case is scheduled for Dec. 24. The Times also notes that the position of equine medical director does not require an active veterinary license.

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