Study: Obesity Has Similar Effects On Equine, Human Hearts 

Obesity is commonly associated with health issues like laminitis, but a Polish study has discovered that horses carrying extra weight also demonstrate significant structural changes in their cardiovascular tissue. 

Though obesity in humans is known to create cardiovascular problems, little research has been done to determine if the same is true for overweight horses.

Dr. Natalia Siwinska and researchers at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences conducted post-mortem exams on 19 draft slaughter horses. 

Twelve of those were extremely obese, with a body condition score of 9, and seven had normal body condition scores of 4 or 5. The horse's hearts and major blood vessels were examined. 

The researchers found that obese horses had increased pericardial and cardiac fat, and thickened arteries compared to the healthy horses. These structural changes are similar to the ones found in obese people. 

The scientists suggested that more research is needed to explore the direct effects of obesity on equine cardiovascular health. 

Read the study here. 

Read more at Equine Science Update

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Horowitz On OTTBs, Presented By Excel Equine: For Many Ex-Racehorses, The Makeover Is Just The First Step

Amy Bowers knew she found something special when she first saw Del Mar Belle.

The bay Thoroughbred filly had raced seven times as a 3-year-old in 2018, including a win in a maiden race at Bally's Arapahoe Park, followed by an attempt against the top horses of her age in Colorado in the Encantadora Stakes.

But, with a tenth-place finish in the Encantadora, followed by a sixth-place finish in a $5,000 claiming race, it was pretty clear that Del Mar Belle wasn't on a path to match the racetrack success of her sire, Tiznow, a two-time winner of the Breeders' Cup Classic, or of her damsire, Fusaichi Pegasus, the 2000 Kentucky Derby winner.

Instead, Bowers predicted that Del Mar Belle's success would come in the equestrian sport of eventing.

“The second I met her and saw her move, I could just picture her doing the upper levels,” Bowers said. “This horse at least had the natural talent for it. You never know on the mental side until you start working with them, but I always had the long-term goal of her being an upper-level event horse.”

Horse racing fans and professionals now get exposed to eventing and other equestrian sports with more frequency. The event that has put the brightest spotlight on racehorses in equestrian sports outside of racing is the Retired Racehorse Project Thoroughbred Makeover. While it's a competition that ultimately assesses the viability of Thoroughbreds as sporthorses in ten different equestrian disciplines, it is rooted in the fact that these Thoroughbreds are still racehorses because they must have been on the track and will only have less than a year of retraining in their respective equestrian sport before competing at the Makeover.

What the competitors at the Thoroughbred Makeover can accomplish in less than a year of training off the track is truly remarkable—from jumping three-foot courses, to elegant movements like counter canters in dressage, to freestyle routines where they're ridden bareback and bridleless. However, with all the technical aspects that are necessary to excel at eventing, show jumping, dressage, polo, or any of the other Thoroughbred Makeover disciplines, it takes more than a year to truly master them.

“It's such an amazing platform to show how versatile the Thoroughbred is, but really it's just the beginning for most horses,” Bowers said. “It's a great stepping stool and great foundation to step into bigger things.”

The future that Bowers saw in Del Mar Belle and is now realizing as the striking 16.3 hh bay mare moves into the upper levels of eventing four years after running her final career race is similar to the journey racehorse owners get to experience when they see a promising yearling at Keeneland or Fasig-Tipton and years later go to the winner's circle after a stakes victory.

Bowers bought Del Mar Belle in December 2018, four months after her final race. The filly “had just hung out in a field” during those four months, Bowers said, but when turned out in an arena Bowers got to see uphill movement and a gallop that she described as “spectacular.”

Del Mar Belle was a quick learner, as many OTTBs are. She and Bowers competed at the 2019 Thoroughbred Makeover and finished 20th of 67 in eventing. Although not in the ribbons or a finish that would make headlines, it was exactly what the filly needed.

“Really, the Makeover for her was just a great stepping stone, a great progression in her training,” Bowers said. “It was a little hard because she was young for the Makeover. She was just four at the time. So, I had to go pretty conservative with her training.”

After the Makeover, the real work began. Del Mar Belle spent most of the next year in 2020 moving up from competing at the Beginner Novice level of 2-feet-7 and the Novice level of 2-feet-11 before the Makeover to the Training level of 3-feet-3. Not only are the jumps higher, but the placement of jumps and the dressage movements are much more technical.

“I feel like in the early stages, it's all about the basics, simply giving them confidence and the ideas,” Bowers said. “[After the Makeover] she had the confidence and the ability, but now it became more about the precision and where to put her body.”

There comes a point where Thoroughbreds can no longer rely just on their natural athletic ability honed on the racetrack, which, being blunt, could get them over almost any jump below three feet from a standstill. (See “Horowitz On OTTBs, Presented By Excel Equine: Looking Forward To 2022 With Hope For Ex-Racehorses.”)

In 2022, Del Mar Belle and Bowers moved up to the Preliminary level of 3-feet-7 and what is considered the upper levels of eventing recognized by the U.S. Equestrian (USEF). They also started competing in internationally-recognized events at levels offered by the Fédération Equestre International (FEI).

“The big thing is being able to balance them at any speed and also pick any speed,” she said. “Like with your canter, at the beginning, you kind of have three canters, a slow, medium, and fast. When you get to Prelim, you should probably have about 20 different canters. I would say a really mature horse should have about 50 different canters. You should be able to get to that canter within seconds of asking for it.”

At The Event at Skyline in Utah on Kentucky Derby Weekend in 2022, Del Mar Belle and Bowers won the Preliminary level, marking their first blue ribbon in 23 events over four years. They followed that up with a first-place finish in their next event, the Spring Gulch Horse Trials in Colorado.

 

Their next event will be the CCI2*-Long at The Event at Rebecca Farm in Kalispell, Montana at the end of July. The highest level of eventing is the CCI5*-Long, such as at the Kentucky Three-Day Event. So, think of their current journey as being like a baseball player moving up in the minor leagues on the way to the majors.

“We want to get back in that Rolex Arena doing a bit bigger stuff,” Bowers said.

So, while the Thoroughbred industry has embraced the concept that racehorses can go on to successful careers after racing and that the transition can happen quickly, OTTBs reaching their full potential in these new sports will take some time. If horse racing can be in it for the long run by following and celebrating the horses beyond their initial placement off the track or their first forays in a new sport at the Makeover, it will show the full scope of what racing Thoroughbreds can achieve and reveal an even bigger value that racehorses have.

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Study: Inbreeding, Specific Genetic Marker May Decrease A Thoroughbred’s Likelihood To Race

Scientists at the University College Dublin, the University of Edinburgh, and the Irish equine genetic testing company Plusvital conducted a study to determine the relationship between inbreeding and the likelihood of a Thoroughbred to make it to the races. The study, titled “Inbreeding depression and the probability of racing in the Thoroughbred horse,” was published June 29, 2022 in the peer-reviewed scientific journal “Proceedings of the Royal Society B.”

The study looked at the genomes of 6,000 Thoroughbreds across Europe and Australia, and demonstrated that for every 10 percent increase in inbreeding, there was a 44 percent lower chance that the horse would make it to the races.

In addition, the study pointed to a specific genetic marker which was related to a significant decrease in the likelihood that that horse would make it to the races.

According to the study, that genetic marker (EFNA5) is responsible for encoding the ephrin ligand, which is broadly expressed during tissue development and repair. Among its roles are: neonatal muscle development and regeneration, regulation of cardiomyocytes, skeletal development, fracture repair, and cartilage repair.

Of the horses studied, only 64 were homozygous for that genetic marker. Those horses had a 32 percent lower predicted probability of making it to the races. In addition, those that did make it to the races had an average of 13.3 races, compared to the sample average of 16.3 races.

“The known biological functions of EFNA5 and the haplotype association with the probability of racing that we report here lead to the hypothesis that it may play a role in musculoskeletal injury risk; however, this must be tested in a population of horses with well-defined phenotypes,” the authors wrote. “While the nature of the hypothesized causative mutation on THR14 is not known, we provide here strong evidence for the presence of a mutation with a negative effect on racing located within this haplotype that has not previously been described.”

The scientists involved in the study included a conflict of interest declaration in the published materials. Dr. Emmeline Hill is the co-founder of Plusvital and is a shareholder; Dr. Beatrice McGivney is an employee of Plusvital; and David MacHugh is a shareholder in Plusvital. The University of Edinburgh (Drs. Martin Stoffel and Josephine Pemberton) was contracted by Plusvital Ltd to perform some aspects of the analyses. Other than the authors, the funders played no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. A patent application has been filed (patent pending; European Application no. 22176585.2), which relates to contents of the manuscript.

The full study is available here: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.0487#d28984323e1

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New York Breeding Industry Steps Up For Aftercare With Take2 Program

Two organizations fundamental to the growth of racing and breeding in New York State, the New York Thoroughbred Breeders (NYTB) and the New York State Thoroughbred Breeding and Development Fund (NYSTBDF), are recognized for their contributions to Thoroughbred aftercare as the June “Donors of the Month” for the TAKE2 Program's 10th Anniversary celebration. NYTB and NYSTBDF contributed $7,500 to the campaign.

TAKE2, founded in March of 2012, set a goal of raising $10,000 a month for 10 months in honor of its milestone anniversary. With the generous help of previous “Donors of the Month” Len Green and the Green Group, TAKE2 competitor Patricia Hurter, and Empire Racing Club's Kyle Emmich, the campaign is ahead of its goal. Many more Thoroughbred lovers have contributed, raising more than $43,000 over the first four months.

“Our organization enthusiastically supports these donations,” said Najja Thompson, executive direction of NYTB. “Our membership application includes a check-off box for aftercare donations, and at the start of each year, our Board decides how we want to allocate those funds. Our focus is on organizations accredited by the Thoroughbred Aftercare Association and based in New York, and TAKE2 is annually awarded an allotment of our funding.

“TAKE2 is such a great program that focuses on the care and retraining of retired Thoroughbreds,” Thompson added

NYTB and the Breeding and Development Fund are two organizations that have thrived and benefited from the success of New York's breeding and racing program, and each has made a commitment to providing funding to a variety of state-based aftercare organizations. Established in 1974, NYTB is a membership organization that serves as the authorized representative of the state's breeding industry and supports the development of New York's breeding and racing industries.

The Breeding Fund was created a year earlier; it's a public benefit corporation that oversees the registration process for foals and stallions, and it distributes financial incentives to Thoroughbred owners and breeders in the form of awards.

“What we do as an organization is create a population of horses every year,” said Tom Gallo, president of NYTB. “They race only until they're three, four, five years old, so when they retire, they can be at their physical peak. We don't want New York's breeders to just turn horses out in a field, so we've been active in supporting organizations that help horses from New York's racetracks.”

TAKE2 Testimonial: TAKE2's Ambassador of the Month for June is NYRA and FOX TV's own Maggie Wolfendale

Patricia Flores serves as a director of the Breeding and Development Fund. A veterinarian, breeder and equestrian, she works with mares and foals at New York's Stone Bridge Farm, purchased by Flores and her husband Scott Ahlschwede, a fellow veterinarian, in 2021. Both Flores and Ahlschwede work at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital in Saratoga Springs.

“I see these horses come into the world so young and so beautiful,” said Flores. “It's very important that we make sure that they can do something else after racing.”

Her involvement in the horse show world in upstate New York has introduced her to a number of people who own Thoroughbreds and participate in the TAKE2 program. In July, Flores will be a part of Saratoga Horse Show's WIB Spectacular, which will include several Thoroughbred-only classes.

“It's so impressive to see Thoroughbred hunters taking three-foot fences,” she said. “It's breathtaking to see what great athletes they are.”

Tracy Egan is the executive director of the Fund and recalled her first meetings with the late Rick Violette, the longtime president of New York Thoroughbred Horsemen's Association who conceived of and established TAKE2.

“He had great foresight,” she said. “We talked about the Fund providing sponsorship at horse shows for Thoroughbred classes, and he was right: if you put up the money, you get more horses, and it's really worked.”

She went on, “It's not just the money, though. It's also the recognition. People are rightfully proud when they can take horses that have been retired sound off the racetrack, retrain them, and take them on the horse show circuit. It's wonderful to see, because the horse is happy and the owners are happy, and they get some recognition from the horse shows for the work and time that they put into the horse.”

Said NYTB's Gallo, “Aftercare programs are an integral part of our industry because horses have to be rewarded with a good life. Win or lose, they were working during their years on the track. Yes, they were well cared during those years, and when they're off the track, all of them deserve to be cared for in the proper way.”

The TAKE2 Second Career Thoroughbred Program was the brainchild of then New York Thoroughbred Horsemen's Association (NYTHA) President Rick Violette Jr. NYTHA partnered with the New York Thoroughbred Breeders Inc. (NYTB) in 2012 to launch TAKE2, with the goal of creating more second career opportunities and making it easier to find new homes for retired racehorses. TAKE2 sponsors awards and prize money in Thoroughbred Hunter and Jumper divisions and supports Thoroughbred aftercare initiatives nationwide. The program has expanded quickly, from eight shows in three states in its first year to more than 370 horse shows in 23 states in 2021. To date, more than 2,000 Thoroughbreds have participated in the TAKE2 Program. A 501 (c)(3) nonprofit organization, TAKE2 is co-funded by members of the Thoroughbred industry around the country: New York Thoroughbred Breeding and Development Fund; Thoroughbred Horsemen's Associations in Illinois (through Galloping Out), Maryland (through Beyond the Wire), and Pennsylvania (through Turning for Home); and Ocala Breeders' Sales Company. TAKE2 is a 2021 TCA grantee. For more information, go to www.take2tbreds.com.

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