Injectable Osteoarthritis Medication Approved By FDA

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a pentosan polyuslfate sodium intramuscular injection for horses to control clinical signs associated with osteoarthritis. The product, sold under the name of Zycosan, is the first injectable pentosan product to be granted FDA approval. 

Horses suffering from osteoarthritis may be lame, stiff, or experience joint swelling. There is no cure for the breakdown of joint cartilage, but management changes can help control the disease and improve the affected horse's quality of life. 

Non-FDA approved injectable formulations of pentosan have long been used in horses. FDA approval means that the product has met the FDA's rigorous standards and that the drug is effective for its intended use. Approval also means that the drug has been consistently manufactured for strength, purity and identity. The FDA encourages veterinarians to use FDA-approved Zycosan when pentosan use is indicated. 

Zycosan efficacy was tested in a field study involving lame, client-owned horses that had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis in one leg. The horses were separated into two groups: one that received a Zycosan injection in the neck once a week for four weeks (for a total of four doses), and horses that received equal doses of saline at the same protocol.

Each horse's lameness was graded on days 0 and 28. On day 28, more horses in the Zycosan treated group had improved lameness compared to the control group. Study results indicate that Zycosan treatment, used at the labeled dose, benefits horses with single-limb lameness caused by osteoarthritis. 

The most-common adverse reactions were injection site reactions and prolonged coagulation time. Reactions that occurred at time of dosing were resolved; other reactions were delayed up to three days after injection, but resolved within five days and the majority didn't require treatment. 

Zycosan is available by prescription only. 

Read more here

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Steamed Hay May Lead To Diet Deficiencies

Owners of horses with allergies are often encouraged to steam their hay. Steaming hay binds dust and fungal spores, making them less likely to be inhaled; it also kills potentially harmful microorganisms. 

Recent research from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) has shown that steaming hay may affect the digestibility of protein in the hay. The steam causes a chemical reaction that damages the proteins and makes them harder to digest in the small intestine – and they cannot be digested in the large intestine. 

This can lead to a nutrient deficiency that can cause a plethora of issues, including the impairment of growth or muscle development. Proteins are made up of amino acids; not enough of them can be an issue for young horses, which need amino acids to grow, and lactating mares, which need amino acids to produce milk. 

A team of scientists led by Dr. Annette Zeyer examined samples of multiple types of hay gathered in central Germany. The steamed hay samples had increased rates of proteins that had been damaged. According to the study, steaming hay reduced the amount of protein that can be absorbed by the small intestine by nearly 50 percent; lysine in particular was affected, with less than 50 percent available for absorption after steaming. 

It can be difficult to identify horses lacking proper amino acid amounts; the symptoms are vague. They may have impaired muscle development, or a dull and shaggy coat. “Hunger hair” is also often seen, where individual hairs in the horse's coat are long. 

The scientists suggest that owners of horses being fed steamed hay ensure that their diets are balanced. Supplementation with a protein-rich compounded feed or yeast and soybean meal may be necessary.

Read more at Equine Science Update

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Simon Bray Pledges $500 One-Day Match Donation To TAA Holiday Giving Campaign

As part of the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance (TAA)'s month-long Holiday Giving Campaign, Simon Bray has pledged to match all donations up to $500 made to the TAA on Dec. 28, 2022.

Bray's devotion to Thoroughbred racing led him to successfully pursue the winner's circle as a racehorse trainer for nearly two decades before pivoting to become an on-air analyst for TVG, now FanDuel Racing, in 2004. As one of racing's public figures, Bray uses his platform to help support and educate racing fans on the importance of aftercare and has served on the TAA Board of Directors since 2019. Now, Bray invites racing fans and stakeholders to join him in donating to the TAA's Holiday Giving Campaign on Dec. 28.

“The Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance is the only organization to accredit and distribute funds to over 81 aftercare programs across the U.S.,” said Bray. “The TAA accreditation is the gold standard for making sure retired racehorses have the care and life after the racetrack they so deserve. I am happy to help in a very small way to make sure that this important work continues. Please join me in donating.”

“Simon is a longtime supporter of the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance and he continues to support our mission both on and off the air,” said TAA Funding and Events Manager, Emily Dresen. “Together we can spread awareness and double donations with Simon's generous match.”

TAA's Holiday Giving Campaign commenced November 29th and is scheduled to conclude New Year's Eve. Those wishing to support the TAA, its 81 accredited organizations, and thousands of retired Thoroughbreds can donate through the TAA's website or text DONATE to 56651. During the Holiday Giving Campaign, TAA is also offering donors the benefit of sending digital holiday cards to colleagues, friends, and loved ones.

Throughout the end of the year, the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance will continue to host special one-day only donation matches with some of horse racing's biggest names. For more chances to double your donation, watch the TAA's social media, website, and industry advertisements for the next Holiday Giving match day announcement.

To learn more and donate to the TAA's Holiday Giving campaign, visit: ThoroughbredAftercare.org/HolidayCampaign.

About the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance

Based in Lexington, KY, the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that accredits, inspects, and awards grants to approved aftercare organizations to retrain, retire, and rehome Thoroughbreds using industry-wide funding. Along with continued funding from its original partners Breeders' Cup, The Jockey Club, and Keeneland Association, the TAA is supported by owners, trainers, breeders, racetracks, aftercare professionals, and other industry members. Since inception in 2012, the TAA has granted more than $28.1 million to accredited aftercare organizations. Currently 81 aftercare organizations comprised of approximately 180 facilities across North America have been granted accreditation. To learn more about the TAA, visit ThoroughbredAftercare.org.

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Voss: The Trainer/Veterinarian Relationship In Racing Is Broken

When perusing a recently-released series of wiretaps in the federal doping case, one passage stuck out to me. This set of transcripts is of conversations between trainers Michael Tannuzzo and Jorge Navarro, both of whom would later enter guilty pleas to felony charges of drug adulteration and misbranding related to doping horses in their care.

Navarro has begun serving his five-year federal prison sentence, after which his attorneys have said he'll almost certainly be deported. Tannuzzo was sentenced in November to 27 months in prison.

When wiretap evidence is entered into the court record by the prosecution, it sometimes includes an exact transcription of relevant portions of dialogue and other times includes the transcriber's summary of less-relevant parts of the conversation. (Note: JN is Navarro, MT is Tannuzzo, UI is unintelligible conversation.)

The portion that jumped out at me read:

“Michael Tannuzzo calls Jorge Navarro.

JN talks about how he wants to fire his vet because the vet won't milkshake. MT says the vet is a pussy. JN wants to shove the $400 shot up the vet's ass.

JN: What's up, Mikey?
MT: You called me?

JN: Yeah. Man I'm f******g [UI] now I-I almost fired this f*****g vet, man.”

The vet isn't named, and it's not clear whether Navarro ever convinced him or her to milkshake the unnamed horse. What is clear though is that if this person wasn't going to do what he wanted, he was going to consider that a fireable offense.

In the transcripts that have been released so far, it's clear Navarro is fascinated with the process of milkshaking horses. The procedure involves running a nasogastric tube to deliver sodium bicarbonate and other minerals straight to the horse's stomach with the goal of reducing lactic acid build-up in muscles during exercise and thereby improving stamina. It's been illegal for years and many of his co-defendants warn Navarro in these transcripts that it's not something just anyone should try doing, because an improperly-placed tube can kill a horse.

Clearly, Navarro did not care.

The exchange reminded me of a truism that most people at the racetrack know, but people away from it may not – the veterinarian/trainer dynamic on the track is, in many cases, broken. Many trainers, not just Navarro and his co-defendants, seem to see veterinarians as employees whose main purpose is to act as vending machines for prescription drugs. This isn't limited to the use of performance-enhancing substances or procedures like milkshaking – people have talked openly in this business about trainers who see the veterinarian pull up in their truck and give them a list of horses and which joints they want tapped with which drug combinations.

This was reiterated during a round table discussion at the recent American Association of Equine Practitioners convention. The session I was sitting in on was filled almost totally with veterinarians who were assembled to talk about the relationship between the regulatory vet and the private practitioner on the racetrack. As these things often do though, the discussion amongst the audience and panelists wandered to other challenges with veterinary oversight at tracks.

One audience member there that day was not a veterinarian. Monti Neal Sims is a trainer and usually comes to the AAEP conventions alongside his wife, veterinarian Dr. Kate Papp. Sometimes Neal goes to sessions with her and one of the panelists recognized him. I don't remember what their original question was to him, just that he was asked for his input on how to improve the care for horses on the backstretch.

“You need to protect the veterinarians from the trainers and owners,” he told the room. “because they're going to take advantage of those vets.”

My dynamic with my horses' veterinarians is very different. I want them to tell me what they think is ailing the horse and provide a few options of how we can try to address the problem. I think treatments should be a joint decision between me as the owner and the vet. I also try to learn from my vets along the way because I think it's my responsibility as someone who cares for horses to try to become more knowledgeable about it, and because the vet went to school and a lot of debt in order to know more than I do.

Part of the reason I probably think about it that way though, is because my veterinarians are usually charging me examination fees that are much higher than the cost of any drugs they may dispense to treat an illness or injury. I'm conditioned to think of these experts as experts because their time and consideration of my horse have a price tag attached.

The racetrack has, by all accounts, become an anomaly in this regard. At some point years ago, racetrack vets began waiving examination fees or trip charges to see and diagnose horses on the track. Eventually, it became largely true that vets were charging a trainer for the injections it would take to address an arthritic ankle, but not the lameness exam they conducted before doing radiographs to decide the horse had arthritis.

You can see how it may become a slippery slope. If it costs a trainer little to nothing for a veterinarian to provide them a diagnosis, it might start feeling more like the vet is really just offering an opinion. Everyone has opinions. Trainers have opinions. And trainers spend more hours with their horses than their vets do. If it does cost a trainer to have the vet dispense a drug though, that drug starts to seem like the more valuable thing that vet is offering. It also probably raises the temptation for trainers to try finding cheaper versions of drugs themselves, drawing them to illegal online compounders willing to sell prescriptions to people without veterinary licenses.

Veterinarians have really backed themselves into a corner on this one. Once that pricing model became accepted, it's hard to imagine how it could change. If one vet decided to try to turn the tide, trainers would probably fire them and go to their competitor. At the same time, I've heard track vets complain (probably rightly) that anything that's going to result in higher bills going to trainers is going to encourage many of them to try to handle problems themselves, cutting the vet out of the loop entirely. That's not good for horses, either.

The requirement of some states (California and Kentucky being the first) that a private vet examine a horse and certify its condition prior to race time has, by some accounts, done a little to shift the status quo as it gave vets the opportunity to charge for at least pre-race exams. The racetrack safety regulations of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority do require that “the medical judgments of the Veterinarian are independent and are not dictated by the Trainer or Owner of the Horse” but doesn't give a standard for how that is to be measured.

It's a tough time to try to tell anyone they're not paying enough to care for their horses. Everyone from the feed man to the farrier is raising rates, because they have to. We all feel it, whether we have horses on the track or in the dressage ring. But I have to wonder – if you're not willing to pay an expert to help you make a horse healthier, happier, and safer, what are you doing in the horse business?

If the racing industry wants its culture of horse care, it's going to need to start with the way it's willing to compensate a dwindling and precious resource – its veterinarians. And everyone is going to have to buy in.

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