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HISA, FTC Link Grim Headlines to HBPA’s Desire for ‘Status Quo’

In two separate court filings Thursday, the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) Authority and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) both sharply criticized the National Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (NHBPA)'s decision to seek an injunction that would delay the May 22 implementation of the Anti-Doping and Medication Control (ADMC) program.

What stood out was that neither the HISA Authority nor the FTC shied from trying to link the NHBPA's desire to maintain the “status quo” to the grim headlines that have dominated the sport over the past week.

“Seven horses died in the lead up to last weekend's [GI] Kentucky Derby,” the FTC's opening line in the May 11 filing stated. “Reporters, not mincing words, observed that the accidents 'overwhelmed' the [D]erby with 'the stench of death.' Congress passed HISA in 2020 to protect horses and prevent these kinds of tragedies, but the Horsemen Plaintiffs have repeatedly challenged the statute and the FTC's implementing rules.”

Drawing similarly from recent adverse events, the HISA Authority's response referenced a May 9 New York Times story that broke the news of Forte's failed New York State Gaming Commission drug test that ran under the sub-headline, “Horse racing is again caught up in a controversy.”

The HISA Authority alleged that, “Plaintiffs' request for 'state regulation' to forestall the federal regulatory scheme Congress mandated would plunge the industry back into the 'existential crisis' of inconsistent regulation [and] recent headlines provide fresh reminders…”

United States District Court Judge James Wesley Hendrix of the Northern District of Texas (Lubbock Division) will now have to weigh those assertions against those filed by the NHBPA in its May 5 request for the ADMC injunction.

The lawsuit initiated by the HBPA to try and derail HISA on alleged anti-constitutionality grounds is now past the two-year mark. The thrice-delayed ADMC is on target to begin in 10 days.

On Mar. 15, 2021, the NHBPA and 12 of its affiliates sued the FTC and HISA Authority personnel, seeking to permanently enjoin the defendants from implementing HISA, bringing claims under the private-nondelegation doctrine, public nondelegation doctrine, Appointments Clause, and the Due Process Clause.

Judge Hendrix dismissed that suit on Mar. 31, 2022. But the NHBPA plaintiffs appealed, leading to a Fifth Circuit Court reversal on Nov. 18, 2022, that remanded the case back to the Lubbock Division. In the interim, an amended version of HISA was signed into law Dec. 29, 2022. That fix was designed to make HISA compliant with the constitutional defects the Fifth Circuit had identified.

On May 6, 2023, Hendrix validated the newer version of HISA as constitutional. Now the NHBPA is planning another appeal back to the Fifth Circuit, and it wants the ADMC's rollout stopped while that process plays out.

The May 5 filing by the NHBPA explained the reasoning behind its request:

“An injunction is necessary because the industry cannot endure 'seismic change' in the short term that is undone shortly thereafter. The courts should not put the industry on a roller-coaster where the ADMC rules are in effect from May 22 to [some future date when] they go out of effect again if the Fifth Circuit finds the amended law unconstitutional.”

Hendrix, in a May 8 order, told the HISA Authority and the FTC that they had to reply to the NHBPA's motion for an injunction within 72 hours, signaling that he did not plan to let this decision linger.

“Plaintiffs are neither entitled to that relief nor to any other remedy,” the FTC's May 11 filing stated. “And the equities–both equine and otherwise–point decidedly against Plaintiffs.”

The FTC alleged that it “makes no difference that Plaintiffs previously prevailed on their nondelegation challenge before Congress amended HISA. And they do not argue about their chance of success on any of their other theories…. Because Plaintiffs stand almost no chance of success, their motion for a stay should be denied on that basis alone.”

The HISA Authority's filing put it this way: “Congress, the Executive, and both federal courts [have] come to the same correct conclusion: the Act is now constitutional. The HBPA Plaintiffs nevertheless ask for the extraordinary relief of an emergency nationwide injunction pending appeal…

“While Plaintiffs' speculation about irreparable harm from the ADMC rules is at best conflicted, an injunction of the ADMC rules would inflict certain injury on Defendants and the public interest,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

“These final two factors weigh heavily against halting a federal regulatory scheme that has long been planned and that enjoyed substantial compliance in its brief initial rollout…”

“Because Plaintiffs have not shown that their appeal has substantial merit (let alone a likelihood of success) and have not demonstrated that the balance of equities tilts in their favor at all (let alone heavily), the Court should deny Plaintiffs' motion for an injunction pending appeal,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

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Sixth Circuit Parties Argue Whether New HISA Law Renders Anti-Constitutionality Claims Moot

Parties on both sides of a Sixth Circuit United States Court of Appeals case that seeks to reverse a lower court's decision to dismiss a constitutional challenge of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) argued via written briefs Thursday as to whether or not a pro-HISA law passed at the tail end of 2022 renders as “moot” any constitutionality claims in the under-appeal lawsuit.

The Jan. 12 briefs were filed in accordance with a Dec. 30 request from the Sixth Circuit to explain how the Dec. 29 signage of the new law (which amended the operative language of HISA) might affect the oral arguments both sides had made in the Sixth Circuit case Dec. 7.

Not surprisingly, the plaintiffs appealing the lower court's ruling–led by the states of West Virginia, Oklahoma and Louisiana–told the court that the anti-constitutionality claims are still relevant.

The defendants–primarily the HISA Authority and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)–informed the panel of judges that the new law has smoothed over any alleged constitutional issues and paves the way for HISA to move forward.

“The recent amendment to HISA addresses only one of these many constitutional problems,” stated a joint brief filed by all of the plaintiffs, which also include the Oklahoma and West Virginia racing commissions, three Oklahoma tracks, the Oklahoma Quarter Horse Association, the U.S. Trotting Association, and Hanover Shoe Farms, a Pennsylvania Standardbred breeding entity.

“All of HISA's other constitutional defects, however, remain unremedied,” the plaintiffs contended.

The HISA Authority defendants saw it differently, writing that, “Congress's response obviates the principal basis for Plaintiffs' private nondelegation claim in this case, which is predicated on a prior version of HISA that no longer exists.”

In a separate brief, the FTC defendants put it this way: “Congress's recent amendment eliminates any doubt that the private Horseracing Authority 'function[s] subordinately' to the [FTC] in satisfaction of the private-nondelegation doctrine….Congress's grant of general-rulemaking authority to the [FTC] resolves the 'core constitutional defect' plaintiffs purported to identify in support of their private-nondelegation claim….”

The underlying case that the plaintiffs are trying to get overturned via appeal dates to Apr. 26, 2021, when they alleged in a federal lawsuit that “HISA gives a private corporation broad regulatory authority.”

On June 2, 2022, that claim was dismissed by a judge in U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky (Lexington) for failure to state a claim of action. The plaintiffs then appealed to the Sixth Circuit.

While that Sixth Circuit appeal was pending, the Fifth Circuit came out with its own decision in a similar case against HISA that was led by the National Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (HBPA).

That Nov. 18 Fifth Circuit ruling stated that HISA is unconstitutional because it “delegates unsupervised government power to a private entity,” and thus “violates the private non-delegation doctrine.” The order remanded the case back to U.S. District Court (Northern District of Texas) for “further proceedings consistent with” the Appeals Court's reversal.

But in the interim after the Fifth Circuit ruled and the Sixth Circuit heard oral arguments, Congress in late December amended the operative language of HISA to fix the alleged constitutional defect the panel had identified, and President Biden signed the measure into law as a tiny part of a vastly larger year-end spending bill.

An expected Jan. 10, 2023, mandate issuance date for the Fifth Circuit to enforce its order, has come and gone without any directive from that court that seeks to enforce its anti-constitutionality ruling against HISA. So now the next major court decision on HISA's constitutionality is expected to come when Sixth Circuit issues its order.

The plaintiffs cited specifics about why they believed the new law doesn't alter HISA's alleged unconstitutionality.

“In particular, the FTC still lacks front-end ability to veto the Authority's proposals for policy reasons, a crucial power that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enjoys when reviewing proposed rules of the self-regulatory organizations that it supervises…” the brief stated.

“The amendment also continues to permit the Authority to exercise numerous executive powers without any supervision or control by the FTC,” the plaintiffs continued. “The Authority continues to have unfettered discretion to bring enforcement actions in federal court and expand HISA's regulatory scope to include any non-Thoroughbred horse breed.

“Finally, and crucially, the amendment does nothing to cure HISA's anticommandeering violation. HISA still pushes the costs of administering HISA onto the States by requiring them to fund the Authority's operations or lose the ability to collect fees for matters that the Authority isn't even regulating.”

The FTC brief also made a comparison between HISA and the SEC, but in a different light.

Because of the new law, the FTC brief stated, “the [FTC's] oversight power is 'now also materially identical' to that of the SEC, a statutory scheme that 'has been upheld against constitutional challenge on many occasions.'”

At a different point, the FTC wrote, “It is unclear whether plaintiffs will continue to press secondary arguments in support of their private-nondelegation doctrine claim. The government has explained either why those arguments fail on the merits, why plaintiffs lack…standing to press them, or both. If plaintiffs continue to urge their arguments despite Congress's amendment to the statute, the Court should reject them…”

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Landry To Deliver Keynote Address at National HBPA Conference

Edited Press Release

Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry will be the keynote speaker at the National HBPA's annual conference Mar. 6-10 at the Hotel Monteleone in New Orleans' historic French Quarter, the horsemen's organization announced. The conference, being hosted by the Louisiana HPBA, takes place in conjunction with the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) Annual Meeting and Racing Integrity Conference.

Landry's keynote address is to be delivered Mar. 7. He has been at the forefront of states challenging the constitutionality of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) and the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority (Authority) that the law established. In addition to constitutionality issues, Landry has expressed concern for the financial hardship that a largely duplicative bureaucracy will put on large portions of the horse-racing industry. Louisiana has four tracks that conduct horse racing.

“I am honored to be chosen the keynote speaker at the National HBPA Conference, and I look forward to visiting with so many who ply their trade in such a great industry,” said Landry, a decorated Army veteran. “I will continue fighting for them to prevent the federal government from taking over horse racing.”

Added National HBPA CEO Eric Hamelback: “Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry embodies the positive vision with the inspiration and passion we seek in a keynote speaker. He has proven to be a strong advocate for horsemen and women who understands our labor-intensive industry with its substantial agribusiness, not only in Louisiana but throughout the country. He believes in a bright and better future for horse racing, and refuses to let us be trampled by special interests.”

More information and registration is available here.

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HISA Appeals Injunction, But Judge Says No to Reversing Earlier Order

In the aftermath of a federal judge's ruling earlier this week that will keep the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) rules from going into effect in Louisiana and West Virginia while a lawsuit challenging those regulations is pending, the HISA Authority responded Friday with a series of legal actions that attempt to both reverse and clarify that injunction order.

The most significant of the July 29 filings from the HISA Authority defendants was a notice that they are appealing Judge Terry Doughty's July 26 decision to grant a preliminary injunction to the plaintiffs, who are led by the states of Louisiana and West Virginia, plus the Jockeys' Guild. This new appeal will be heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

At the same time, HISA asked Doughty for an emergency stay that would stave off the injunction he ordered just 72 hours earlier.

“The Court's order constitutes judicial overreach,” the HISA defendants argued, questioning how Doughty arrived at his decision to enforce an injunction.

“Although the Court purported to conduct a standing analysis, it did not analyze standing or ripeness as to each individual challenged rule,” the HISA filing stated.

HISA continued: “The Court thus invalidated the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)'s racetrack safety, enforcement, and assessment methodology rules in their entirety without ever assessing how any particular rule injured (or imminently risks injuring) Plaintiffs. The Court's resulting advisory opinion is also deeply flawed on the merits.”

Acting swiftly, Doughty responded to the defendants' 38-page filing within two hours on Friday morning. He required barely more than a single page to firmly assert “no” to HISA's request to put the regulations back into effect in Louisiana and West Virginia until the Fifth Circuit ruled on the new appeal.

“[T]his Court, for the reason more fully set out in the [preliminary injunction ruling], believes that the likelihood of Authority Defendants' success on the merits is low,” Doughty wrote in his July 29 denial. “This Court further finds Authority Defendants will not suffer irreparable harm if a stay is not entered. This Court further finds that other parties will be harmed if the stay is granted.”

Doughty then added a terse warning apparently aimed at letting the Authority know he believes there are flaws in its rulemaking process, which is at the heart of the overall lawsuit.

“Further, HISA has not yet adopted rules addressing the horseracing anti-doping and medication program,” Doughty wrote. “HISA has time to address any constitutional authority issues and procedural issues under the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) in re-drafting and re-noticing rules related to a Racetrack Safety Program.”

The HISA defendants are alleged in the June 29 suit to have violated the Fourth, Seventh and Tenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, plus the APA, which governs the process by which federal agencies develop and issue regulations.

The third court action undertaken by the HISA defendants Friday was a request for a clarification of Doughty's July 26 order, specifically the section that stated, “The geographic scope of the injunction shall be limited to the states of Louisiana and West Virginia, and as to all Plaintiffs in this proceeding,”

That clarification request was a direct response to a claim articulated by the Jockeys' Guild in a Wednesday press release that interpreted the judge's words to mean that the injunction “applies to all of the members of the Jockeys' Guild, regardless of the U.S. jurisdiction in which the jockey is riding.”

The HISA defendants stated that's not the proper interpretation.

“Plaintiffs have asserted that the Order extends to all of Plaintiffs' members nationwide,” the HISA filing argued. “But the members of the [Guild] are plainly not Plaintiffs in this case. And Plaintiffs' reading would wreak havoc on the sport. For example, many jockeys are not Guild members, such that different rules would apply to jockeys riding in the same race.”

The HISA Authority wants the judge to explicitly state that the injunction “applies to the implementation of the challenged rules as to Plaintiffs only and not as to [Guild] members nationwide.”

Technically, as listed on the original June 29 lawsuit, the state and organizational plaintiffs are the states of Louisiana and West Virginia, the racing commissions in both states, the Louisiana Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association, the Louisiana Thoroughbred Breeders Association, and the Jockeys' Guild. The only individual plaintiffs are five Louisiana-based “covered persons” under HISA rules, and only one, Gerard Melancon, is an active jockey.

The defendants consist of the HISA Authority, the FTC, and board members and overseers of both entities.

Notably, the FTC and its individually named defendants were not listed alongside the names of the HISA defendants who moved for the appeal, the stay, and the clarification in the July 29 filings.

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