Forte Takes the Blame to Stay Strong

With commercial sires nowadays represented by such enormous cavalries, it's unsurprising that they should encounter random statistical clusters. These tend to even themselves out, so that a stallion that “hits form” with a sudden spate of stakes performers will also endure barren spells that naturally receive rather less attention. What every farm covets, then, is for a horse to get on a roll while there are still mares out there with mating decisions pending for this spring–and there's no better way to do that than making some noise on the Classic trail.

In that context, it was a remarkable weekend. Violence accounted for the dashing winners of two Derby rehearsals; while Practical Joke, who added one for himself, followed through with two other stakes winners, one of which banked 50 starting points for the GI Kentucky Oaks. On that front, however, Girvin was the man of the hour, making a double play with trial winners on opposite coasts. Less feted, meanwhile, but perhaps most significant in the longer term, was another stellar weekend for Blame as an emerging broodmare sire.
Among all these, the obvious imperative is to consider the genetic wiring that must sustain Forte (Violence) as he stretches out in distance. Before doing so, however, it's worth acknowledging that each of these stallions has a wider momentum than mere coincidence.

Girvin had already announced himself so persuasively, in launching talented juveniles like Damon's Mound last year, that he earned an immediate transfer from Florida to Kentucky. Faiza made a key contribution to that breakout, as a spectacular pinhook ($90,000 yearling/$725,000 juvenile) who then won a Grade I on her second start, and she continued her flawless progress in the GIII Santa Ysabel S. on Sunday. Her success was rather more anticipated than that of Dorth Vader the previous day, but a filly homebred at $7,500 has now won four of six starts since stumbling on debut: a maiden, two stakes and now the GII Davona Dale S. Girvin's precocious stock, then, is consolidating in most encouraging fashion–especially given that he has so far been working with material commensurate with his opening fee. Dorth Vader, for instance, is out of a Yonaguska mare who won under a $5,000 tag in Alberta. It's going to be fun to see what Girvin can do with his upgrade at Airdrie.

Practical Joke belongs to the previous intake, meaning that he has had to deal throughout with a fairly epoch-making inconvenience in Gun Runner. As a dual Grade I-winning juvenile by into Into Mischief, he secured significant numerical opportunity at Ashford and has already had a couple of hundred individual starters. But he's taking the chance he was given, reliably slipstreaming Gun Runner in their class and already indebted to this second crop for a first Grade I success in Chocolate Gelato's Frizette last fall.

The flamboyant talent of Practical Move is offering to take his sire to another level, albeit we'll have to see quite how far he can stretch his speed. That kind of question has obviously been answered quite brilliantly by Into Mischief himself, since the elevation of his mares, and Practical Joke is making a promising early “Move” in the intensifying competition among his sons. Little Vic–from Practical Joke's debut crop–is certainly trading unapologetically in speed, and continued his fertile winter campaign with a career best in the GIII Tom Fool H. But Shidabhuti will be another looking to extend, having pried open an Oaks gate in maintaining her unbeaten start in the Busher S.

Blame is obviously a proven operator by this stage, and we've long admired his black-type output at ratios that stack up well against several more expensive covers. Indeed, this spring he has Derby and Oaks contenders himself in Litigate and Wet Paint. As a broodmare sire, however, he has barely started–and is rapidly opening up exciting horizons.

With his beautifully shaped pedigree, lining up his fourth dam Thong against his sire Arch's third dam Courtly Dee (both by sons of Nasrullah, in Nantallah and Never Bend), I've always said Blame looked a great option for someone who wouldn't mind retaining a filly. And his daughters arguably gave us both the leading juveniles of 2022, in Forte himself and Loggins (Ghostzapper); while two others produced sophomore stakes winners to sandwich the champion's comeback win last Saturday. Danse Macabre (Army Mule) won the GIII Herecomesthebride S. on the same card, while Botanical (Medaglia d'Oro) collected 20 Oaks points in the Cincinnati Trophy at Turfway. Note this well: Forte, Loggins, Danse Macabre and Botanical are all the very first foals to represent their dams on the track.

Botanical is bred on a cross akin to the one that gave us Forte, who is by a son of her sire. But while Medaglia d'Oro has long been a byword for versatility, it's conceivable that Violence may need Forte to summon the two-turn influences channelled through his dam to see out the punishing test awaiting on the first Saturday in May.
In winning the GII Fountain of Youth S., Forte was redressing his sire's narrow defeat (by the subsequent Derby winner) in the same race 10 years previously.

True to the Medaglia d'Oro legacy, Violence did prove adaptable even in the span of a career that came to a premature end that day, having won the GI Hollywood Futurity on synthetics after making his name on dirt in New York. He made a flying start at Hill 'n' Dale, missing the 2017 freshman's laurels by cents (to Overanalyze!) and rewarded with 214 mares at a fee hiked from $15,000 to $25,000. With his debut crop thriving as sophomores, he proved all the rage at the yearling sales in 2018 and was raised further to $40,000. But he then mustered just two stakes winners in 2019, sending his yearling average plummeting from over $130,000 to barely $45,000. With his fee retreating to $25,000, he then turned things round with three Grade I winners in 2020, from three different crops. He was back in the game, albeit that hump in the road will tell in a somewhat diminished juvenile footprint this year (graduating from his 2020 book, which slipped to 86 mares).

Overall, after one or two wild swings early in his career, it feels safe to say that Violence has completed a process of consolidation with the emergence of Forte. Always a glossy physical, he's now up to $50,000 and already has Volatile at stud to heighten the sense that the ageing Medaglia d'Oro has belatedly organised his legacy. For quite a while, the dynasty had seemed insecure, with no heir quite matching the status of his daughters Rachel Alexandra and Songbird, or his gelded son Golden Sixty. But now he has Violence competing with a champion freshman in Bolt d'Oro, with Higher Power starting out too. Certainly anyone who consecutively replays the Fountain of Youth and then the GIII Gotham S. will observe a common swagger to Forte and Raise Cain. But that kind of natural speed is consistent with the races won by their sire's most accomplished stock to date: GI Woody Stephens S., GI Alfred G. Vanderbilt S., GI Bing Crosby S.

In vividly diversifying the legacy of turf monster El Prado (Ire), Medaglia d'Oro can also include sprint speed among his variegated resume: think Astern (Aus), Vancouver (Aus), Warrior's Reward. Quite apart from his sire-line, however, the seeding of Violence's own family also has a strong flavor of chlorophyll: his first two dams are by transatlantic influences in Gone West and Storm Cat, and the next two are by venerable European Classic influences in Blushing Groom (Fr) and Nijinsky. How curious, if these names should end up helping to create a legacy on dirt for Medaglia d'Oro.

With the help of their classic qualities, this well-known family has achieved that elusive balance between speed and stamina. Violence's third dam is Hall of Famer Sky Beauty, whose own dam was Dayjur's Grade I-winning half-sister Maplejinsky, their mother in turn being champion sprinter Gold Beauty. Bearing in mind that you'll also find Maplejinsky as third dam of Point Of Entry (Dynaformer), this maternal background should certainly help Violence stretch the speed he has imparted to his best stock; and he does have a Grade I winner over 10 furlongs in Argentina. Nonetheless it is a comfort for those in Forte's camp for the Derby to know that he can also draw on the resources of his dam Queen Caroline.

Blame | Claiborne Farm

Blame himself obviously offers her a bedrock. Besides extending the doughty Arch-Roberto brand, he also introduces more Nijinsky as sire of his grandam–whose celebrated mother, Special was of course by another sturdy influence in Forli (Arg). Queen Caroline is out of a Forestry mare, but the next dam is by Seattle Slew and soon tapers through three generations of Phipps-Wheatley royalty to a sister of Busher (and then to the Colonel Bradley matriarch Baby League and her legendary dam La Troienne {Fr}). Queen Caroline herself showed plenty of talent, at around a mile on turf, winning four black-type races. A couple of those were restricted to Virginia-breds, but she only missed a graded stakes podium by a neck. (Remarkably, she was the very first purchase made by Amy Moore–as a $170,000 Keeneland September yearling–to found South Gate Farm.)
Queen Caroline's dam was a sharp sort, promptly adding a listed sprint to her maiden win at two, but more importantly she was out of a half-sister to the increasingly important Storm Cat mare Contrive: not only dam of champion juvenile filly Folklore (Tiznow) (herself responsible for the mother of Japanese star Contrail (Jpn) (Deep Impact {Jpn}) but also second dam of Essential Quality (Tapit).

This all feels like a pretty strong foil to the speed hitherto trademarked by Violence. A similar exercise will be necessary, incidentally, with Raise Cain. He was bred by Rock Ridge Thoroughbreds from a Lemon Drop Kid mare who had won a sprint maiden in a light career, more significantly a half-sister to GI Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic winner Unrivaled Belle (Unbridled's Song). The latter's daughter Unique Bella also had elite talent but remember that she operated very effectively round a single turn, despite being by Tapit.

So we'll have to see how the profile of Violence evolves as these sons seek to adapt their flair to the demands of the Triple Crown trail. Raise Cain certainly exhibited a full armory on Saturday: through the race he exuded contempt for the idea that the traffic around him might be running fast, and then devoured open ground like a horse eager for more. Admittedly his earlier work now seems to require some imaginative reinterpretation, whereas Forte is obviously a proven star already.

As has been well documented by now, as a $110,000 yearling Forte lurked an awfully long way down the list of 2021 purchases by Repole Stable and St Elias. (Certainly it was only a marginal reward for his $80,000 pinhookers, though Reiley McDonald could comfort himself with a trifecta of Eaton graduates in the GI Hopeful S.) Regardless, Violence has now put two sets of connections exactly where thousands of others had dreamed of being when the class of 2020 slithered into the straw. But if it turns out that none of them can outstay Forte, we know who else can share the Blame.

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Girvin’s Faiza Stays Perfect in Las Virgenes

A $725,000 Fasig-Tipton Midlantic grad, Faiza (Girvin) already had lofty expectations by the time she entered the starting gate for the first time Nov. 12. A popular choice at the betting windows, she put on a 3 1/2-length winning performance that day worthy of a 'TDN Rising Star' tag and immediately backed that form up with a narrow win next time out over familiar foe Pride of the Nile (Pioneerof the Nile) in the GI Starlet S. at Los Alamitos Dec. 10.

In a field that included the top three out of that Starlet S., as well as fellow 'Rising Star' Justique (Justify), Faiza drew the inside gate but was out-sprinted into the first turn by a pair of rivals to her outside in Sweet Trouble (Into Mischief) and Broadway Girls (Army Mule). Taken back third off that duo as the field strung out down the backstretch, Faiza stayed in contention before shifting to the outside to steadily gain until she was on even terms with Broadway Girls. Still making progress as the top trio came around the far turn, she came within a neck of Sweet Trouble at the head of the lane despite drifting out a bit and dug in gamely down the stretch to keep a closing Pride of the Nile at bay in a repeat of the Starlet exacta.

“I'd like to thank Bob Baffert and the owner for the opportunity and support,” said winning jockey Ramon Vazquez, who was aboard Faiza for the first time today with regular rider Flavien Prat away to ride today at Oaklawn Park. “I wanted to get out in the clear and put my filly in a good position.  She's a nice filly, when I asked her, she responded really well.  She's amazing.”

Pedigree Notes:

By top-five freshman sire Girvin–also the sire of fellow 'Rising Star' Damon's Mound–Faiza was her sire's first Grade I winner. Her second dam, MGSW & GISP Pomeroys Pistol (Pomeroy), is also responsible for MGSW and Spendthrift stallion Thousand Words (Pioneerof the Nile). Sweet Pistol saw her 2-year-old by Cairo Prince realize $160,000 at last year's Keeneland September Sale and she has a yearling filly by Complexity still to race as well.

Saturday, Santa Anita
LAS VIRGENES S.-GIII, $200,500, Santa Anita, 1-28, 3yo, f, 1m,
1:38.46, ft.
1–FAIZA, 124, f, 3, by Girvin
          1st Dam: Sweet Pistol, by Smart Strike
          2nd Dam: Pomeroys Pistol, by Pomeroy
          3rd Dam: Prettyatthetable, by Point Given
'TDN Rising Star'. ($90,000 Ylg '21 FTKJUL; $725,000 2yo '22 EASMAY).
O-Michael Lund Petersen; B-Brereton C. Jones (KY); T-Bob
Baffert; J-Ramon A. Vazquez. $120,000. Lifetime Record:
GISW, 3-3-0-0, $342,000. Werk Nick Rating: B+. Click for the
eNicks report & 5-cross pedigree or free Equineline.com
catalogue-style pedigree.
2–Pride of the Nile, 122, f, 3, Pioneerof the Nile–Inny Minnie,
by Hard Spun. ($140,000 Ylg '21 KEESEP). O-West Coast
Stables, LLC; B-Stonestreet Thoroughbred Holdings LLC (KY);
T-Doug F. O'Neill. $40,000.
3–Justique, 120, f, 3, Justify–Grazie Mille, by Bernardini.
($725,000 Ylg '21 KEESEP). O-C R K Stable LLC; B-John D.
Gunther & Eurowest Bloodstock (KY); T-John A. Shirreffs.
$24,000. 'TDN Rising Star'.
Margins: HF, 2HF, HF. Odds: 1.00, 3.60, 2.40.
Also Ran: Sweet Trouble, Uncontrollable, Broadway Girls.
Click for the Equibase.com chart or the TJCIS.com PPs. VIDEO,
sponsored by TVG.
 

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Jan. 14 Insights: Pletcher Pair of Uncle Mo Colts Debut at Gulfstream

5th-GP, $84k, Msw, 3yo, 6f, 2:09 p.m. ET
Missourians Robert and Lawana Low purchased SGT. PEPPER (Uncle Mo) for $1.6 million at the 2021 FTSAUG sale. Bred by Bobby Flay Thoroughbreds, he will make his debut sprinting on the dirt with Lasix in South Florida for the Todd Pletcher barn. Sgt. Pepper, the 5-2 morning-line favorite, is a half-brother to GSW Spice Is Nice (Curlin), who fetched $1.05 million from these same connections at the 2018 KEESEP sale. Sgt. Pepper's dam Dame Dorothy (Bernardini), owned and campaigned by Bobby Flay, was herself a GISW. TJCIS PPs.

8th-GP, $84k, Msw, 3yo, 1m, 3:37 p.m. ET
Another Pletcher-trained Uncle Mo colt will head to the post for the first time on Saturday. The 7-2 morning-line favorite KINGSBARNS (Uncle Mo), an $800,000 purchase by Spendthrift Farm at last year's FTFMAR sale, is out of GSP Lady Tapit (Tapit). His female family boasts several black-type winners, including GISW Gozzip Girl (Dynaformer).

The Shug McGaughey-trained Weyhill Road (Quality Road), a  $1.6-million KEESEP graduate and half to GISW and successful young sire Girvin (Tale of Ekati), returns to the track after finishing a well-beaten fourth on debut at Keeneland Oct. 21. TJCIS PPs.

 

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Mischief’s Fourth Title Again Raises the Bar

It is beginning to feel as ingrained a New Year ritual as the concert in Vienna: the raising of a toast not just to another record year for Into Mischief, but to the way his reign has become an apt symbol of our times.

After all, the whole point of marking the turn of a year-it's just another leaf in the calendar, really, just one more sunrise in the indefinite (but never infinite!) sequence we are apportioned-is to take a step back and see whether we can discern a fresh footprint in the sands of time. So many trends unfold too gradually to be observed, but so long as this horse is around it seems that we will continue to witness history in the making.

For in bestriding the general sires' list for the fourth consecutive year, Into Mischief gives us a snapshot not just of his own sheer potency, but of the industry we live and work in today. On the one hand, he must again be credited with unprecedented achievement: once again he has beaten his own earnings record, this time soaring to $28.17 million after tipping $25 million in 2021, and miles clear of the $22.51 million that had already raised the bar in 2020. At the same time, however, we must acknowledge the role of sheer quantity alongside the undoubted quality that has both driven and followed the steep elevation of his fee.

Through December 29, Into Mischief had fielded a bewildering 475 individual starters in 2022. Gun Runner–who admittedly started out with the advantages that eluded the young Into Mischief, as a Horse of the Year with mares eligible for a $70,000 fee–has banked just over half as much prizemoney ($14.84 million) from just 137 starters from two crops. That works out at $108,320 per starter, against $59,314 for the champion.

So we must immediately venture a polite question: is the sire who again shattered records in 2022, though indisputably one of the game-changers of the modern breed, even the stallion of the year?

Look, we all understand the numbers game as it is played these days. Gun Runner himself was up to 248 mares last spring; and of the dozen others to have entertained as many as the 202 mares equal to Into Mischief's fee, which had just been increased to $250,000, eight have yet to send a single runner into the gate.

But the fact is that his fertility and libido, indices of prowess almost as remarkable as his genetic effectiveness, have long enabled Into Mischief to maintain industrial turnover even as his fee catapulted from its famously low starting base. Sure enough, 234 individual winners in 2022 exceed the 221 that gave Into Mischief a record in his first year as champion, albeit not quite matching up to the staggering 261 he clocked last year. (No other stallion has ever hit 200.)

But if we are looking at the most prolific champion sire in the story of the breed, the remarkable fact is that his efficiency has never been eroded. In terms of the production of elite stock, his 2022 ratios keep Into Mischief more or less in step with Curlin, whose own sensational year places him third on $19.43 million (from 263 starters, earning an average $73,949). Into Mischief's 26 black-type and 15 graded stakes winners respectively came at 5.5 and 3.2 percent of starters; Curlin had a dozen and 10, at 4.6 and 3.8 percent. (All these figures, by the way, are accessible on the TDN database and correct through December 29; the final record will require some updating with plenty of good sport on New Year's Eve.)

By this kind of gauge, however, nobody can hold a candle to the start made by Gun Runner. With only two crops on the track, he has risen as high as sixth but the real story is here, in his ratio of elite stock. His 28 stakes operators in 2022 represent 20.4 percent of starters; while at the most demanding end of the spectrum, he had 10 horses placed in Grade I races at an incredible 7.3 percent-double his nearest pursuer on those terms, Arrogate, whose four Grade I horses all actually won at that level and represented 3.6 percent of his starters.

Gun Runner | Sarah Andrew

It must be acknowledged that Gun Runner's second crop of juveniles has hitherto failed conspicuously to come anywhere near the record returns of their predecessors. His debut crop produced 31 juvenile winners, six in stakes, and banked $4.32 million; this lot stand at 18 winners, none at black-type level, and $1.43 million. Given the way Gun Runner thrived in maturity, of course, his own template would have made that appear a very solid base but for the freakish standards he had set himself. What's really encouraging, either way, is that the surprising precocity of his first crop has indeed proved to be only a foundation.

Gun Runner's first sophomores have included four individual Grade I winners and their collective bank of $13.41 million, from 90 starters earning an average $149,007, puts him clear even of another thriving young stallion, Not This Time, who banked $7.09 million from just 65 sophomore starters (averaging $109,105).

Not This Time, naturally well clear on the third-crop table, is up to 10th in the general sires' list with $12.68 million from 163 starters in 2022, and his ratio of stakes action (14 winners at 8.6 percent of starters; 28 black-type performers at 17.2 percent) remains exceptional. His basic strike-rate of winners-to-starters, tipping 60 percent, was also exemplary.

The stock bequeathed by Gun Runner's tragic classmate Arrogate, after a contrastingly slow start, made exactly the kind of progress anticipated for his rival granted maturity and a second turn, similarly ending the campaign with four elite scorers. Another to match that feat was American Pharoah, consolidating his own reputation among relatively young sires, but in terms of Grade I winners they were all looking up at a stallion who has really stood the test of time.

With six in 2022, including three at the Breeders' Cup, Curlin remains one of the biggest of the big hitters as he turns 19. In 2021, don't forget, he had been the only stallion to muster five Grade I winners. He was third then, too, having been runner-up in 2019 and 2016: over recent years, then, perhaps this is the best champion stallion we've never had. In 2022, moreover, one of his sons sired the GI Kentucky Derby winner; and another, Good Magic, has narrowly missed the freshman crown. Curlin is now priced commensurately with this ever more impressive resume, up to $225,000 from $175,000.

In the general list, however, Curlin finds himself sandwiched between two whose standing partly reflects another aspect of our much changed landscape. Quality Road, runner-up with $20.84 million, and Tonalist, fourth with $16.73 million, respectively owe 48 and 65 percent of their hauls to the desert plunder of a single horse, Emblem Road and Country Grammar being the latest to menace with distortion the longstanding system for identifying the champion sire.

We have had a glimpse of what can happen in 2017, when Unbridled's Song secured a posthumous title exclusively through Arrogate's lucrative wins in the GI Pegasus and G1 Dubai World Cup in the first quarter, but for which he would have finished 44th. One of Into Mischief's principal services, then, has been to restore a correlation between prizemoney and consistent merit. Even when he had Authentic, who banked 32 percent of his total in 2020, he would have been champion without his Horse of the Year; and the same would clearly be true this time round, when his premier earner Life Is Good has contributed 12 percent.

All that said, we are glad to record our esteem for both the Lane's End pair: Quality Road has definitively broken into the elite, on the track as in the ring, actually producing his 2022 black-type winners and performers at a marginally superior rate to both Into Mischief and Curlin; while Tonalist amply deserves his day in the sun, having long punched above weight at a fee that trades 20 Tonalist covers to one by his neighbor. With half a dozen other graded stakes operators besides Country Grammer, in fact, in 2022 Tonalist has had action in that sphere at a ratio that essentially matches even the feted Munnings, who achieves a third consecutive top 10 finish, while comfortably surpassing many other sires commanding much higher fees.

If Into Mischief can avoid a desert ambush-someday a single horse will strike gold in both Saudi Arabia and Dubai to anoint as champion a sire meanwhile discarded to South America-then he must have half an eye on the storied seven-year streak of Bold Ruler himself, now that he has eclipsed the three-year sequences since run up by Tapit (2014-2016) and Danzig (1991-1993).

Even now, remember, Into Mischief remains on a rising tide. The extra “stretch” bestowed by his classier mares has already produced consecutive Derby winners conceived at $45,000 and $75,000, and the latter fee also sufficed to conceive Life Is Good, himself now retiring as a six-figure cover. Into Mischief's next two crops of juveniles emerge from books of 250 mares at $175,000 in 2020, and 214 at $225,000 in 2021.

It feels inevitable, then, that Into Mischief will ultimately overhaul Tapit as the leading North American stallion of all time, by earnings; at the present rate, indeed, he might still do so even if he suddenly decided tomorrow morning that he doesn't like girls anymore. In the meantime, however, having endured his first ever year without a Grade I winner in 2021, Tapit resumed business as usual with three in 2022, Flightline and friends taking him to seventh on $14.7 million (from 229 starters at $64,219 apiece).

Mention of Danzig obliges us to remind ourselves how he became champion freshman in 1984 with 11 winners from 13 starters. These included nine stakes horses and three Grade I winners including the champion juvenile. Two made the Derby podium the following May. How the world has changed. But there's little point dwelling here, yet again, on the inundation of the modern marketplace with stock by unproven sires. We know most will prove duds; while we also know that some first books, being typically the biggest and best a stallion will ever have, will duly maintain the cycle of demand by producing top runners.

This year's rookies have certainly played their part, no fewer than six of them featuring among the top 10 in the overall juvenile sires' table. Their internal competition has been fiercely contested, but Bolt D'Oro has closed out the year strongest of the three protagonists and appears poised to claim the title. Good Magic and Justify have both beaten him to a fourth graded stakes winner, and the former also has an elite scorer to his credit in Blazing Sevens, but 15 black-type performers overall for Bolt d'Oro represent an outstanding 19 percent of starters.

Bolt d'Oro | Spendthrift

His $2.76 million obviously doesn't measure up to the freakish tally posted by Gun Runner in 2021, but would have beaten the runner-up and has also surpassed Nyquist in 2020. Obviously Bolt d'Oro had plenty of volume to work with, so the likes of Army Mule and Girvin meanwhile deserve much credit for excelling from a narrower base. Similarly, Oscar Performance, an intriguing prospect with so much room at the top on grass right now.

Leading North American stallion by 2022 turf earnings worldwide is Medaglia d'Oro, though it must be said that he owes around half his tally to his personal ATM in Hong Kong, Golden Sixty. Confined to North American and European theaters, the leading grass stallion would instead be the late English Channel for the third year running-just one more measure of the poignant vacancy created by his loss, along with that of his old rival Kitten's Joy.

Dollars and cents only tell us so much, of course, and the perennial mysteries of this game will abide in 2023. Into Mischief himself initially seized his crown from finishes of 35th, 13th and fourth, earning his stripes as he went, with a little help from some pioneering incentive schemes. The man who presided over his rise, the late B. Wayne Hughes, knew that no champion (even Flightline) is ever 100 percent guaranteed to make it; and equally that not even the most neglected young stallion, like Into Mischief when reduced to 50 mares at $7,500, ever has zero chance. And that, whatever the biggest spenders think they can learn from the Old Year, is also what gives us all some kind of chance as we start a new one.

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