Equine Drug Research Council Approves Funding For Study On EIPH

The Kentucky Equine Drug Research Council approved an expenditure of up to $30,000 in funding for a new study of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in 2-year-olds. A study proposal from Washington State University's Dr. Warwick Bayly would have at least sixty 2-year-olds in Kentucky scoped post-race to check for signs of EIPH, and would also allow data collected from those horses to be used as part of a national study on the immune response to exercise in 2-year-olds.

Dr. Bruce Howard, equine medical director for the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission, said Bayly has gotten commitments from at least eight entities to help collect data that can be used in the study. Across those entities there are three different furosemide withdrawal time regulations on the books: four hours pre-race, 24 hours pre-race, and 48 hours pre-race. Bayly will hope to have at least 60 or possibly more horses sampled from each set of conditions.

“We feel this study is integral part of understanding EIPH evaluating the impact changes in furosemide administration may have,” said Howard.

Bayly may expand the number of horses studied to improve the strength of data.

Howard is hopeful the data could help provide the commission with useful comparisons to other jurisdictions. Earlier this year, Kentucky enacted the first step of a partial phaseout of furosemide, backing up pre-race administration time to 24 hours for 2-year-olds.

Howard said Keeneland began scoping 2-year-olds post-race at its July meet and has continued to do so in October, and Churchill Downs had expressed interest in gathering similar data. This proposal will provide the funds for those efforts to become part of a bigger scientific picture.

Earlier this year, the Maryland Jockey Club and Maryland Thoroughbred Horsemen's Association announced a similar survey of 2-year-olds racing there beginning Aug. 7. The cut-off time for furosemide administration for 2-year-olds in Maryland is now 48 hours pre-race.

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AQHA Declines To Support National Bill, Raises Questions About Whether Quarter Horses More Vulnerable To EIPH

The Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act of 2020 is proposed national legislation that outlines a uniform anti-doping and medication control program to be developed and enforced by an independent horse racing anti-doping and medication control authority.

While the American Quarter Horse Association is strongly committed to the welfare of the racehorse and supports industry reform to improve horse safety, the Association cannot support the current version of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act until key questions are adequately addressed.

  • The bill lacks details about the funding sources that would sustain the proposed authority. Protecting animal welfare is paramount but the funding for this central authority will need to be attainable, affordable and sustainable for all jurisdictions.
  • While the bill in its current form allows jurisdictions an opportunity to include Quarter Horses upon their own choosing, the Association is concerned about our breed if they choose to do so. Of particular concern to AQHA is the proposed elimination of race-day use of the medication furosemide, commonly known as Lasix, which is used to mitigate the occurrence of exercised-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in racehorses.

    AQHA is currently pursuing funding for a study to investigate the vulnerabilities that Quarter Horses in particular have to EIPH. Numerous industry studies provide evidence that the administration of Lasix improves the welfare of racehorses and indicate there is no link between the use of Lasix and musculoskeletal issues that may be a contributing cause in catastrophic breakdowns.

AQHA works closely with the Association of Racing Commissioners International and Racing Medication and Testing Consortium, which work to create uniformity in medication rules, as well as with state jurisdictions. Among the work on which AQHA has assisted is out-of-competition testing efforts and the use of hair as a testing mechanism and beta-2 antagonist bans. In the five years since many of these rules have gone into effect in the majority of Quarter Horse racing jurisdictions, reported injuries in American Quarter Horses have declined 16 percent.

AQHA is dedicated to industry reform and works closely with international, national and state racing organizations and commissions to evaluate protocols that allow for uniform medication rules and strengthened deterrents to performance-enhancing drugs, and looks forward to continuing this collaborative effort.

AQHA is a strong supporter of reform and uniformity in racing, but for these reasons has concerns regarding the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act of 2020 in its current form.

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North Of The Border, Lasix Viewed As Useful Tool, But Not Essential For All At Century Mile

Though the debate over race-day Lasix use in the United States has been raging for years now, it is not likely to quiet down soon, as multiple racetrack authorities have begun pushing to push administration back to 24 hours pre-race in this year's 2-year-old races. For many, it's difficult to contemplate a world where every horse doesn't have an L next to their name in the program – but there is one place in North America where that was already happening prior to a rule change.

Century Mile Racetrack in Nisku, Alberta opened in April 2019 as a replacement for Northlands Park and is now host of the Grade 3 Canadian Derby. The current meet runs primarily Friday and Sunday nights through early November.

This year, Century Mile will not permit race-day Lasix in 2-year-old races, like many places in the States, but it won't card its first race for 2-year-old Thoroughbreds until later this month. Still, the season's first five days of racing saw just 65.3 percent of its runners use Lasix. Last Friday's card saw 16 of 59 runners (27 percent) start without Lasix, and last Sunday's card had 22 of 64 runners without it (34 percent).

Rob MacLennan, racing secretary at Century Mile, said he expects there may be a few more horses on raceday Lasix as the condition book moves more into 3-year-old maiden races, but generally, those percentages are pretty typical.

“I think some of it has to do with the fact Alberta was the last jurisdiction in Canada to phase in Lasix in the early 1990s,” he said. “There's some holdovers who still don't rush to put every horse on it right away. I also think that because the B circuit in Alberta (Grande Prairie and Lethbridge) does not have a Lasix program, there are horses who have proven they don't need it, or horsemen who are a little more used to doing without it because they may have started careers on the B circuit.”

Tim Rycroft, top trainer at Century Mile in 2019 and vice-president trainer/director for the HBPA of Alberta, said he doesn't have a problem using the drug, but is judicious about using it only when a horse has struggled with performance and scopes show there is a significant issue. Rycroft said his mentality may not be universal on the backstretch, but he's not the only one who will use the drug with some horses and not others.

For one thing, he thinks cleaner air around Century Mile probably reduces the need in some cases.

“I think the air's a little cleaner and we have a few less breathing issues than Woodbine,” he said. “I could be totally wrong, but I know we get lots of horses out of Toronto that were notorious bleeders in Toronto and they didn't bleed here working in the morning. Lots of guys treat their horses for morning workouts, because you sure don't want them bleeding – that sets them back about six weeks – and then they'll come here and not bleed. So I think it's got to have a little to do with air quality.”

Because it's up to the trainer (rather than the racing secretary) whether to have raceday Lasix on board, horses starting without it are usually facing at least one other rival running with it. On last Friday's card, three of 21 non-Lasix runners hit the board, one of them winning the race as the only non-Lasix starter. On Saturday, seven of 27 non-Lasix starters hit the board, including three winners on the eight-race card. Those three winners came in races where the majority of runners were running without Lasix.

Rycroft said he isn't too worried about sending a horse into the gates, knowing some of his competitors have used Lasix.

“I just like to keep them as clean as possible because then you know where you're at,” he said. “If the horse doesn't perform properly and you scope and you notice there's a little something going on, then you can go to Lasix, but if you start piling one medication on top of another, what's actually working and what's not?

“I'm not against Lasix; I'm really not either way on it. I don't like to see a horse bleed. If they need Lasix, they need Lasix. You'll see a lot of guys here start without it and if they need to go to it, they go to it. I don't put a lot of my young horses on it the first couple starts – if they don't need it, they don't need it.”

MacLennan said it's hard for him to be sure of how any horses running without the drug experience some degree of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), since the track doesn't keep statistics on scope results done by private veterinarians. It does make note of horses who suffer such serious bleeding that they experience epistaxis, or visible bleeding from the nostrils. Those horses go on the veterinarian's list for 14 days, and repeat offenders may be barred.

According to MacLennan, there were five horses placed on the veterinarian's list for bleeding last year at Century Mile – four of whom were already on Lasix, all of whom were first-timers on the veterinarian's list for bleeding. Alberta's B level tracks, which do not permit Lasix, saw a total of 16 horses on the veterinarian's list last year, including one repeat offender who was barred from racing for a year. Total race cards in Alberta last year were 219.

None of this means Rycroft wants to see new rules eliminating all Lasix use, however.

“I think there are some people that are too hard on horsemen, saying Lasix should be banned,” he said. “I don't think it should be banned. I think it's a good tool, used properly in the right circumstances.

“They give these guys their trainer's license because they're supposed to know what they're doing as far as health and welfare of their horses, right? So leave them alone and let them do their thing, and hopefully at the end of the day good judgement prevails.”

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