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Vets: HISA Puts Them at ‘Greater Risk than Other Covered Persons’

The North American Association of Racetrack Veterinarians (NAARV) is arguing for the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit to overturn the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) on constitutional grounds because the law allegedly “places the racetrack veterinarians at a greater risk than other covered persons” from a due process standpoint.

Chief among the assertions made by the NAARV in a 51-page “friend of the court” brief filed July 14 are that “initial findings of wrongdoing by a member of NAARV, pursuant to HISA, result in a report to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and, therefore, a federal violation. A federal violation would inevitably result in the loss of not only the NAARV member's track license, but also the loss of the member's professional license to practice veterinarian medicine.”

In addition, the NAARV alleged that HISA creates a “financial barrier to due process review.”

That's because, according to the NAARV's filing, the ultimate authority, the FTC, isn't obligated to accept any covered person's request for review of a HISA ruling against them.

And if such a request for review is denied, that covered person's only right to appeal is to bring the matter all the way to a United States Court of Appeals, the NAARV stated. There are only 12 such courts in the country, divided regionally.

“Logistically, this is more challenging,” the NAARV filing stated. “Take, for example, a covered person who has an alleged violation in Texas. He or she must now pursue an appeal before the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans, Louisiana.

“A person who has allegedly committed a medication violation in Puerto Rico, if he or she decide to appeal, must pursue that appeal before the First U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Boston,” the brief continued.

Beyond potential travel burdens, the NAARV pointed out, bringing any legal action to that level of the federal court system isn't cheap.

“The estimated legal cost for a trip to the U.S. Court of Appeals is in excess of $25,000,” the NAARV stated.

“It creates a cost or premium for substantive due process rights that is unobtainable for most NAARV members and thus, results in a denial of their due process rights,” the NAARV stated.

At a different point in the filing, the NAARV explained that veterinarians accused of wrongdoing would no longer be “in a position to 'take the deal' on a minimum violation but instead forced to defend their position to maintain their license and their livelihood.”

The NAARV continued: “Prior to the implementation of HISA, NAARV members were able to negotiate a state violation without necessarily risking their general veterinary license. Under HISA, they are forced to do so in a system [that] deprives them of both substantive and procedural due process.”

The NAARV's assertions were made in support of the appeal led by the National Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (NHBPA) and 12 of its affiliates.

The defendants in the underlying case, which has lingered in the federal court system for 28 months, are personnel from the FTC and the HISA Authority.

The HISA Authority and FTC have an Aug. 4 deadline to file their own briefs with the Fifth Circuit Court.

Oral arguments in the case are tentatively scheduled for the first week in October.

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FTC: Latest Anti-HISA Suit Doesn’t Come ‘Within a Furlong’ of Demonstrating Harms

The Arkansas-based lawsuit filed six weeks ago that is the most recent among five separate federal complaints attempting to derail the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) via alleged constitutionality claims was broadly rebuffed Monday in separate legal filings by the defendants in the case, who are executives with the HISA Authority and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

The plaintiffs, led by Bill Walmsley, president of the Arkansas Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (HBPA), and Jon Moss, the executive director of the Iowa HBPA, had asked a judge in United States District Court (Eastern District of Arkansas, Northern Division) on Apr. 6 to declare HISA unlawful and to impose an injunction prohibiting the defendants from enforcing the Anti-Doping and Medication Control (ADMC) rules scheduled to go into effect May 22.

The HISA Authority's opposition brief stated that the plaintiffs in this case, much like those in the other four cases currently swirling in the federal court system, represent only “a faction of the industry long opposed to any change” who continue to “search for a favorable forum” by essentially making similar arguments in front of different judges.

And, the HISA Authority's filing pointed out, both Walmsley and Moss are already involved as parties who have taken various legal actions in three of the other four anti-HISA cases.

“Apparently discontent with those courts' rulings, the Iowa HBPA, Walmsley, and Moss now seek the same extraordinary relief here,” the HISA Authority's May 15 filing stated.

The HBPA-affiliated plaintiffs wrote in their complaint last month that HISA “barely pretends to comply with the Constitution's separation of powers. The Act allows a private corporation to issue binding rules with no guiding principle. The FTC's ostensible oversight serves as a mere mirage.”

The HISA Authority saw the situation differently in its filing.

“The vast majority of industry participants and horseracing states have welcomed the uniform national standards, which took effect on July 1, 2022. Two [presidential] administrations have now supported the law and two bipartisan Congresses have embraced it–including through a statutory amendment that reinforced the Act's constitutionality in December 2022,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

“Plaintiffs come nowhere near the showing required for a court to dismantle this critical federal regulatory program. Most notably, Plaintiffs cannot demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits: All four federal judges that have considered Congress's recent amendment to HISA have concluded that the Act is constitutionally sound,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

“Plaintiffs next rely on a meritless public nondelegation claim that the challengers in the other cases wisely abandoned, or did not consider worth [pursuing], in light of the clear intelligible principles Congress provided,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

“And Plaintiffs' final claim under the Appointments Clause is contradicted by the undisputed fact that the Authority is not a governmental entity [and] by the decisions of the two federal courts that have already denied the same Article II claim,” the HISA Authority's filing continued.

“None of the other preliminary injunction factors favor Plaintiffs, either. Plaintiffs fail to show irreparable harm: They have been subject to HISA's racetrack safety rules for over 10 months and to similar anti-doping rules under State law for years; purses in Arkansas and Iowa have surged; and the racing season in Arkansas has now ended,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

“The balance of harms and the public interest also weigh heavily against disrupting a federal regulatory scheme that Congress has mandated (twice) and that has enjoyed substantial compliance already,” the HISA Authority's filing stated. “This Court should deny Plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction.”

The FTC's May 15 filing put it this way: “[The plaintiffs] do not come within a furlong of demonstrating, with evidence, that any purported 'harm is certain and great and of such imminence that there is a clear and present need for equitable relief.'”

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HISA, FTC Link Grim Headlines to HBPA’s Desire for ‘Status Quo’

In two separate court filings Thursday, the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA) Authority and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) both sharply criticized the National Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (NHBPA)'s decision to seek an injunction that would delay the May 22 implementation of the Anti-Doping and Medication Control (ADMC) program.

What stood out was that neither the HISA Authority nor the FTC shied from trying to link the NHBPA's desire to maintain the “status quo” to the grim headlines that have dominated the sport over the past week.

“Seven horses died in the lead up to last weekend's [GI] Kentucky Derby,” the FTC's opening line in the May 11 filing stated. “Reporters, not mincing words, observed that the accidents 'overwhelmed' the [D]erby with 'the stench of death.' Congress passed HISA in 2020 to protect horses and prevent these kinds of tragedies, but the Horsemen Plaintiffs have repeatedly challenged the statute and the FTC's implementing rules.”

Drawing similarly from recent adverse events, the HISA Authority's response referenced a May 9 New York Times story that broke the news of Forte's failed New York State Gaming Commission drug test that ran under the sub-headline, “Horse racing is again caught up in a controversy.”

The HISA Authority alleged that, “Plaintiffs' request for 'state regulation' to forestall the federal regulatory scheme Congress mandated would plunge the industry back into the 'existential crisis' of inconsistent regulation [and] recent headlines provide fresh reminders…”

United States District Court Judge James Wesley Hendrix of the Northern District of Texas (Lubbock Division) will now have to weigh those assertions against those filed by the NHBPA in its May 5 request for the ADMC injunction.

The lawsuit initiated by the HBPA to try and derail HISA on alleged anti-constitutionality grounds is now past the two-year mark. The thrice-delayed ADMC is on target to begin in 10 days.

On Mar. 15, 2021, the NHBPA and 12 of its affiliates sued the FTC and HISA Authority personnel, seeking to permanently enjoin the defendants from implementing HISA, bringing claims under the private-nondelegation doctrine, public nondelegation doctrine, Appointments Clause, and the Due Process Clause.

Judge Hendrix dismissed that suit on Mar. 31, 2022. But the NHBPA plaintiffs appealed, leading to a Fifth Circuit Court reversal on Nov. 18, 2022, that remanded the case back to the Lubbock Division. In the interim, an amended version of HISA was signed into law Dec. 29, 2022. That fix was designed to make HISA compliant with the constitutional defects the Fifth Circuit had identified.

On May 6, 2023, Hendrix validated the newer version of HISA as constitutional. Now the NHBPA is planning another appeal back to the Fifth Circuit, and it wants the ADMC's rollout stopped while that process plays out.

The May 5 filing by the NHBPA explained the reasoning behind its request:

“An injunction is necessary because the industry cannot endure 'seismic change' in the short term that is undone shortly thereafter. The courts should not put the industry on a roller-coaster where the ADMC rules are in effect from May 22 to [some future date when] they go out of effect again if the Fifth Circuit finds the amended law unconstitutional.”

Hendrix, in a May 8 order, told the HISA Authority and the FTC that they had to reply to the NHBPA's motion for an injunction within 72 hours, signaling that he did not plan to let this decision linger.

“Plaintiffs are neither entitled to that relief nor to any other remedy,” the FTC's May 11 filing stated. “And the equities–both equine and otherwise–point decidedly against Plaintiffs.”

The FTC alleged that it “makes no difference that Plaintiffs previously prevailed on their nondelegation challenge before Congress amended HISA. And they do not argue about their chance of success on any of their other theories…. Because Plaintiffs stand almost no chance of success, their motion for a stay should be denied on that basis alone.”

The HISA Authority's filing put it this way: “Congress, the Executive, and both federal courts [have] come to the same correct conclusion: the Act is now constitutional. The HBPA Plaintiffs nevertheless ask for the extraordinary relief of an emergency nationwide injunction pending appeal…

“While Plaintiffs' speculation about irreparable harm from the ADMC rules is at best conflicted, an injunction of the ADMC rules would inflict certain injury on Defendants and the public interest,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

“These final two factors weigh heavily against halting a federal regulatory scheme that has long been planned and that enjoyed substantial compliance in its brief initial rollout…”

“Because Plaintiffs have not shown that their appeal has substantial merit (let alone a likelihood of success) and have not demonstrated that the balance of equities tilts in their favor at all (let alone heavily), the Court should deny Plaintiffs' motion for an injunction pending appeal,” the HISA Authority's filing stated.

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NHBPA Again Goes to Court to Try and Halt May 22 ADMC Launch

With another appeal in the pipeline for its constitutionality lawsuit that is trying to derail the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA), the National Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (NHBPA) has once again asked a federal judge in Texas to grant in injunction that would delay the May 22 implementation of the HISA Authority's Anti-Doping and Medication Control (ADMC) program.

The motion for injunction pending appeal was filed on Friday, one day after United States District Court Judge James Wesley Hendrix ruled that the revamped version of HISA that got signed into law back in December was indeed constitutional, clearing the way for the ADMC's thrice-delayed launch.

On Monday, May 8, Hendrix sped along the litigation process by ordering the defendants in the case, who are personnel from the HISA Authority and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), to file a response to the NHBPA's injunction request by Thursday, May 11.

“The Court previously denied injunctive relief, but the plaintiffs again request an injunction, arguing that they will be injured by the ADMC rule during the pendency of an expected appeal,” Hendrix wrote.

The May 5 filing by the NHBPA explained the reasoning behind the request this way:

“An injunction is necessary because the industry cannot endure 'seismic change' in the short term that is undone shortly thereafter. The courts should not put the industry on a roller-coaster where the ADMC rules are in effect from May 22 to, say, Nov. 18 (the date of the last Fifth Circuit decision), and then they go out of effect again if the Fifth Circuit finds the amended law unconstitutional.”

The NHBPA filing continued:

“This Court has now considered the case a second time, and again the Court has upheld the act. Though the Court ultimately concluded the Horsemen did not present a winning case, it should conclude that at minimum they presented a substantial case, which is less than successful, but more than non-negligible.

“[The NHBPA] won at the Fifth Circuit last time around, with arguments the Sixth Circuit panel would have also adopted as to the original version [of the HISA law]. They have returned to this Court with a serious case as to the amended version of the statute. Though they did not win, they have at least established a 'fair prospect' or reasonable possibility of success on appeal…”

“Moreover, the Horsemen have presented additional arguments concerning the budget and the original meaning which also plausibly demonstrate that the FTC does not have pervasive surveillance and control over the Authority,” the May 5 filing stated.

Hendrix was the same judge who, back on March 31, 2022, dismissed the NHBPA's underlying lawsuit. The NHBPA plaintiffs appealed that decision, leading to the Fifth Circuit's reversal on Nov. 18, 2022. But the Fifth Circuit remanded the case back to the Lubbock Division for “further proceedings consistent with” the Appeals Court's reversal. Hendrix's May 6, 2023, order validated the newer version of HISA that got amended and passed into law back on Dec. 29, 2022.

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