fitness | Horse Racing Free Tips

Can A Mechanical Device Improve Equine Lung Function?

Humans who have chronic lung or heart disease often breathe through a device that resists inhalation to increase muscle strength. Called inspiratory muscle training (IMT), this therapeutic technique trains both the diaphragm and the upper airway muscles to become stronger, improving respiratory strength, according to EQUUS magazine.

Dr. Kate Allen of the University of Bristol wanted to see if the technique could be applied to horses. In people, respiratory performance is limited by cardiovascular capacity; in horses, athletic performance is limited by respiratory function. Using IMT to improve the fitness and function of the respiratory muscles allows them to work more efficiently.

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Allen and a study team acclimated 10 Thoroughbreds in steeplechase training to wearing a mask fitted with valves that control the level of resistance to each inhalation. The horses underwent IMT training five days a week for nine weeks. During each session, the horse took 30 resistant breaths, was rested for two minutes, then took 30 more resisted breaths, all while standing still. The resistance was increased every four days, but the trial allowed for an increase or decrease in resistance depending on how the horse tolerated the change. The horses continued normal racing and training schedules during the study, and tests of each horse's respiratory strength were made before and after the IMT.

The scientists found that horses had no issues adapting to IMT training and that it can be used on horses in competition. The next study will look at IMT training and its impacts on physiologic and performance changes in the horses.

Proper Training Doesn’t Just Make Horses Faster — It Changes Their Organs

Proper training of the equine athlete can produce results in more than just muscle mass: it can and should create physiological changes in the lungs, spleen and heart.

Proper athletic conditioning can increase the actual size of the heart, which is a factor in cardiac output. Cardiac output is a combination of heart rate and stroke volume. The more blood that pumps through the heart, the more oxygen arrives at the muscles.

A horse that has been trained properly will have healthy lungs, which can take in more oxygen. The oxygen is then carried by the blood and distributed to the muscles. Called maximum oxygen uptake, this process provides power for a longer time. If all other equine systems are in order, the horse's performance level is directly related to maximal oxygen uptake, which can increase by 35 times between rest and intensive exercise.

Athletic conditioning also affects the spleen, which acts as a filter for blood and a blood storage area. Correct training increases the spleen's capacity to hold blood. It also makes the spleen more efficient at contracting during exercise, which forces more blood cells into circulation.

Proper training also enlarges the capillary network within muscles, allowing more blood to be delivered in a shorter amount of time.

Simple Ways To Prevent Tendon And Ligament Injuries In Horses

Horses seem to seek out ways to hurt themselves and injuries to tendons and ligaments in the limbs are common., says Dr. David Ramey, owner of Ramey Equine and an internationally recognized researcher, author and lecturer. Though tendon and ligament injuries tend to heal well, it can take multiple months, as well as a lot effort and money, to get the horse to his performance level pre-injury.

There are multiple ways to help prevent tendon and ligament injuries, though some are often overlooked. These include:

Adequate nutrition. Proper nutrition to maintain horse health is essential. Thus far, there have been no supplements that have proven to prevent tendon and ligament injuries.
Correct body condition. Tendons and ligaments are more likely to be damaged when a horse is overweight as it placed additional strain on supporting structures.
Proper shoeing and trimming. Trimming or shoeing a horse in the most-simple manner is generally associated with more soundness.
Leg wraps and bandages. Boots and bandages, even when applied properly, cannot stop a tendon or ligament injury.
Walk. Warming up a horse at the walk makes it harder for tendons and ligaments to become damaged at faster speeds.
Systemic training. Tendons and ligaments are more-often damaged in horses that are asked to perform athletic endeavors like running, jumping or sliding. Keys to help keep a horse's legs injury-free include: don't do too much too quickly; work him regularly; cross train when possible; and don't overtrain—strong tissues come from stressing them and then allowing them time to rest and repair.
Proper footing. Horses should not be worked for extended amounts of time in deep, soft ground.
Address issues. If a horse is sore, address the issue to prevent compensation complications in tendons and ligaments.