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Study Suggests Dangerous Behavior Could Be Caused By Skeletal Pain

Horses that exhibit undesirable behaviors like bolting, rearing or kicking under saddle are often assumed to have poor training or to simply be ill-tempered, but a new study shows that horses acting progressively more dangerously may be reacting to axial skeletal pain.

Dr. Melissa Story studied 14 horses that had exhibited increasingly dangerous behavior, putting their riders' safety at risk, and had subsequently been euthanized.

She and her research team performed spinal exams, gait evaluations, diagnostic imaging, neurologic evaluations, and pathologic and histopathologic exams of the axial skeleton (the skull, the rib cage, and the backbone).

Those evaluations, along with prior medical records, owner and trainer complaints, and an exam completed once the horses had been euthanized, allowed the scientists to tentatively determine that skeletal pain may have been to blame for the horses' behavior.

Ten horses showed severe behavioral responses during both the mobilization and myofascial exams. The most common areas of concern were the lumbosacral and cervicothoracic regions. Additionally, 71 percent of study horses had hemorrhage or hematomas in these areas.

The scientists concluded that structural pain (neuropathic) was the root cause of the dangerous behavior. They noted that ganglia relay peripheral sensory information to the central nervous system and that ganglionitis has been associated with neuropathic pain syndromes. More research is needed.

Age Old Puzzle: Difficulties Inherent In Assessing Equine Quality Of Life

The inability to accurately assess quality of life can be harmful to horses, as owners may potentially sacrifice equine welfare due to a lack of understanding of the factors that influence that quality of life. Though multiple quality of life models exist, most don't consider a horse's mental health and are difficult to apply in real-world situations.

Quality of life is often only considered when horse owners are faced with the decision of when to euthanize a horse. A recent report, however, suggests that quality of life should be assessed multiple times in a horse's life.

The report, which was published by the Advancing Equine Scientific Excellence (AESE) project, involved students from several institutions throughout England. This team used surveys, interviews and literature reviews to understand how equine quality of life was perceived, as well as how it could be measured.

Using existing quality of life models, the research team found a marked disparity between what researchers considered feasible and what horse owners considered feasible, with regard to ease of incorporation into a daily routine.

Any tool used to measure equine quality of life would have to be practical and effective; the tool should assist owners and caretakers in the assessment of management and training, as well as the horse's response to treatment if he is injured or ill.

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Any successful assessment tool will need to be developed by both researchers and real-life horse owners and caretakers so that its use is feasible. Supported by World Horse Welfare and The Horse Trust, this project is the first step in the development of a usable quality of life tool, which will help to improve equine welfare.

Australian Wildlife Officials Propose Culling 10,000 Wild Horses; Some Scientists Prefer Total Elimination

Australian wildlife officials have proposed a plan to rehome or kill 10,000 wild horses in an attempt to limit their numbers. An aerial survey conducted in 2019 located 25,000 wild horses; many of these live in the alpine region of the country, which is home to many species of endangered flora and fauna.

The Kosciuszko National Park is under particular threat from the horses, which are considered to be an invasive species that cause extensive ecosystem damage. There are currently 14,000 wild horses in the park, and a plan drafted by National Parks and Wildlife Service in New South Wales suggests thinning the population to a more-sustainable 3,000 horses.

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Scientists from the Australian Academy of Science argue that this plan doesn't go far enough to protect the park from equine impact. They suggest that the number of wild horses be more significantly reduced, if not eliminated entirely.

Though wildlife officials prefer to rehome the wild horses, only 1,000 horses have been rehomed since 2002. The proposed plan will allow trained experts to shoot the horses from helicopters to thin the population.

Sidewinder Gait Bears Startling Similarity To Its Namesake

Named for the venomous snake, older horses afflicted with sidewinder syndrome have hindquarters that list to one side when they walk. This condition can be challenging to diagnose as there isn't a lot of research available on the abnormality, says New Bolton Center's Dr. Amy Johnson. The movement is considered a syndrome because it is a symptom and not a disease in itself and has different potential causes.

Johnson sees sidewinder gait come on suddenly in horses that are in their late teens and older. The affected horse's hind legs move so significantly to the side that the horse travels on three tracks. If the horse is drifting to the left, the left hind foot will be away from the body and the right hind will be in line with the left front when walking.

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When standing still, the affected horse often weights one hind leg more than the other – often the one that is closest to the body. Some sidewinder horses will spin in a circle when they walk or lean against a wall or fence to support their weak side.

Some causes of sidewinder gait include EPM, arthritis, or fractures. It's important to complete tests to determine if the cause is neurologic or musculoskeletal. Some horses have an acute onset of the gait abnormality, but may recover and go back to normal; the gait may or may not return. If it does come back, the hind end doesn't always track to the same side as before. Johnson hypothesizes that these cases may be caused by degenerative, age-related changes that create intermittent muscle spasms. Weather may also play a role, as Johnson sees more sidewinder gait in colder months. She believes this may be caused by aggravated arthritis or horses that are slipping on bad footing.

Often the older horses that develop sidewinder gait are euthanized, and even in necropsies it isn't always apparent what caused the gait abnormality.

Prognosis for complete recovery is poor. Some horses improve with exercise, while others need stall rest to avoid exacerbating the condition. Steroid use can cause issues in older horses that are already prone to endocrine issues and laminitis.

EPM is the only disease associated with sidewinder gait that can be treated. For horses with an inconclusive reason for the abnormal gait, it's difficult to predict which will improve and whether improvement will be permanent.