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Tag: equine herpesvirus
Coolmore Secures EHV Vaccines For Ireland
Ten thousand vaccine doses to protect horses against the potentially fatal equine herpes virus (EHV) have been secured for Ireland, with the first portion of the shipment arriving on Thursday. The order of the vaccine follows a recent outbreak of EHV at a high-profile showjumping event in Valencia, Spain.
There is concern that Irish horses competing on the continent could potentially bring the virus into the country. The virus can spread quickly and is hard to cure, but vaccination can provide significant protection.
The shipment of the urgently needed vaccine was organized from U.S. suppliers by Coolmore Stud and the Fethard Equine Hospital with the support of the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, who have moved rapidly to provide the AR 16 license required to import veterinary medicines in exceptional circumstances. There is no risk from virus transmission to humans.
The shipment comprised a combination of the Zoetis Equivac and Pneumabort-k vaccines. The vaccine will be made available at cost to both the Thoroughbred and Sport Horse industries.
Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Charlie McConalogue T.D., said, “With this dangerous virus present in Europe we have moved quickly to support efforts to secure the necessary vaccine to protect our equine industry. The Department's veterinary experts are monitoring the situation closely, and we are urging all owners to avail of these vaccines for their horses and furthermore to take extra precautions to minimize the risk of transmission.”
Shane O'Dwyer, chief executive officer of the Irish Thoroughbred Breeders Association, said, “The outbreak of this potentially fatal virus is causing serious concern to Thoroughbred breeders who fear it could spread into Ireland. It is fantastic news that the team at Coolmore and Fethard Equine Hospital have been able to source the vaccine in substantial quantities, and that the Department of Agriculture has moved with commendable swiftness to grant the necessary approvals.
Joe Reynolds, acting chief executive officer of Horse Sport Ireland, said, “Horse Sport Ireland moved quickly to establish protocols to ensure the safe return of horses from overseas to minimize any transmission risk. Having access to a vaccine is a very welcome development and we hope to see widespread use throughout our industry, but we must maintain vigilance and continue to follow all veterinary guidance.”
EHV vaccinations can only be administered by registered veterinarians. The vaccinations will be available for supply to veterinary practices via Veterinary Instruments, which can be contacted by emailing sales@viltd.ie with EHV in the subject line.
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Laurel Locks Down Over EHV-1; Kentucky Urges Caution On Ship-Ins
Four barns at Laurel Park were placed under quarantine and shipping out was barred for horses stabled at Maryland's two Thoroughbred tracks Mar. 9 after a symptomatic horse at Laurel tested positive for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and was removed to a veterinary facility.
On a national scale, active cases of the highly contagious respiratory disease are being monitored in several states right now, including in Florida at the World Equestrian Center in Ocala.
On Mar. 7, the Kentucky Department of Agriculture state veterinarian's office issued written guidance related to this recent spate of EHV-1.
“In the past seven days we have learned of multiple occurrences of EHV-1 impacting equine events throughout the world,” Rusty Ford, the equine operations consultant for the Kentucky state's veterinarian, said in that statement.
“Additionally, as we are coming to the time of year that we historically see an increase in movement of equine exhibition and racing stock into Kentucky, I want to remind all associated parties that mitigating risk of disease introduction is a shared responsibility that requires commitment from each individual exhibitor, trainer, event managers, facility operators, veterinarians, and animal health officials,” Ford said.
That statement urged stabling facilities in Kentucky to review biosecurity protocols and elevate their responses to minimize direct contact between horses via shared water, feed supplies and equipment.
Speaking during a Tuesday informational videoconference, Steve Koch, the senior vice president of racing for The Stronach Group, whose tracks include Laurel Park and Pimlico Race Course in Maryland, detailed the plan of action at both venues.
Horses will be allowed to ship into both Laurel and Pimlico and can travel between those two tracks to train and race, but can't exit for another jurisdiction until the quarantine has lifted, Koch said.
“Chances are–and this is me speculating, and maybe I shouldn't,” Koch said, “but chances are, you're going to run out of places to go anyhow, because no one on the East Coast racing is going to want our horses shipping into their facilities.”
Koch said the EHV-1 protocols were initiated “on Saturday, [when] there was a horse showing some symptoms [at Laurel]. By Sunday, this horse [had] been tested for herpesvirus…. That horse had contact in both barns 10 and 4…. Upon further analysis, it was quickly evident that both barns 11 and 1 also has some fairly close contact with these horses and the respective shed rows. So currently barns 1, 4, 10 and 11 are on a lockdown situation.”
Koch said Laurel training was “set aside” on Tuesday, but starting Wednesday, “we will look for a way to give [horses in the locked-down barns] some training hours.”
Koch added that “It's more complicated than just extending training hours. The track crew has to know; there's complications with when we get to the race days on Friday how that will work. But we are cooking up a plan, and you'll hear that from day to day as we get in together.
Horses in Laurel's quarantined barns, however, will not be allowed to race.
“The quarantine we're currently looking at, assuming there's no further symptoms; no further positive horses, it's a 14-day quarantine,” Koch summed up. “And then we can lift the veil. The trick is we have to be super-diligent throughout those 14 days…and all horses need to be asymptomatic throughout that period.”
The highly contagious EHV-1 can spread during any time of the year, but winter typically brings a spike in cases nationwide.
The winters in the years 2016-18 saw a sharp increase in reported EHV-1 cases. But during those outbreaks several agricultural regulators told TDN it was unclear if those statistics represented actual spikes in EHV-1 cases or if veterinarians and testing methods are just getting better at detecting and reporting them.
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Monkey See, Monkey Do: Will A Foal Mimic A Mare’s Neurologic Behavior?
Foals often mimic the behavior of their dams, copycatting everything from grazing to running to rolling and more. But what happens when a foal is born to a mare that has neurologic issues? Will it mimic the odd behaviors?
The staff at Mid-Atlantic Equine Medical Center has cared for many foals born to neurologically compromised mares, said Dr. Rodney Belgrave. Often the mares are afflicted with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Belgrave says he has not seen foals mimic the neurological signs their mothers exhibit.
However, foals can be born infected with organisms that cause neurologic disease. One of the organisms that causes EPM can be transmitted to the fetus from the placenta. However, infected foals may not demonstrate neurological signs until they are three months old.
Foals can also be born with equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) that is contracted from the dam, but many don't show neurologic signs of this disease, either.
The most common cause of neurologic disease in foals is neonatal encephalopathy, which occurs when the fetus is deprived of oxygen. This can be caused by a bacterial infection called placentitis or by a difficult birthing process. Affected foals often don't develop neurologic signs until 18 to 24 hours after birth.
In both cases, the lack of oxygen leads to fluid build up in brain tissue. Though alarming, the prognosis for neonatal encephalopathy is very good if the foals are treated early and appropriately.
Read more at EQUUS magazine.
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