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Hormones Play A Role In Foal Rejection

Foaling can be a high-stress situation with a lot of variables that may go wrong, from dystocias to ill foals. Though most mares have an innate mothering mentality, some mares reject their offspring and the exact reason is unclear, making it difficult to prevent.

Drs. Dalia Berlin, Amir Steinman and Tal Raz conducted a study using eight Arabian mares who behaved normally after foaling and 15 Arabian mares who typically “rejected” their foals. Rejection includes refusing to let the foal nurse, indifference toward the foal and even attacking the foal. The Arabian was chosen specifically for the study as rejection behavior in mares has been well documented in the breed.

Each mare had blood drawn at the first and third day after foaling; the blood was tested for progesterone, prolactin and estradiol, which are reproductive hormones. The most significant difference between the two groups was the estradiol-to-progesterone ratio the first day after foaling was significantly lower in mares that rejected their foals than in mares with normal maternal behavior.

The exact role the hormones play in maternal behavior is unclear, but the ratio of hormones in mare that rejected their foals increased in the three days post foaling, suggesting that the hormones may normalize and the rejection behavior may diminish.

The study team notes that the creation of hormonal treatments for rejecting mares is premature as the optimal concentration for each hormone is yet unknown.

Read more at EQUUS.

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You Scratch My Back, I’ll Scratch Yours

Mutual grooming, where two horses groom each other's back and withers with their teeth, is usually done by horses that are familiar with one another. Drs. Masaki Shimada and Nae Suzuki of Teikyo University of Science studied a group of nine horses that lived in a protected area of Cape Toi. They wanted to determine if mutual grooming was used as a parasite removal tool, a way to strengthen friendly relationships or as a way to restore troubled relationships.

The duo monitored the nine horses for 33.5 hours over 15 days, applying models to learn about the roles of aggression, kinship, proximity, social rank and social networking during mutual grooming.

All nine horses groomed themselves during the study period for nearly 36 minutes. Six of the horses engaged in mutual grooming: two stallions, one colt and three adult mares.

There were 84 recorded mutual grooming sessions, with the average session lasted about 85 seconds and always comprised only two individuals. The grooming was almost completely symmetrical: When one horse started grooming, they almost immediately began receiving grooming as well, on the same part of the body. When one horse stopped grooming, the other did as well. Additionally, horses that spent less time self-grooming spent more time being groomed by another horse.

The scientists concluded that mutual grooming assisted in strengthening familiar relationships and helped with parasite removal. Their findings did not support that mutual grooming assisted with relationship repair. For example, the top-ranked horse never groomed the second-ranked horse, but he did direct aggression toward him.

Read the entire article here.

Read more at HorseTalk.

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