“Osteoarthritis is common in any athlete,” explains Koenig “especially as they get older.” The development of bone spurs can cause the facets to become enlarged. Inflammation around the cervical facet joints can affect the soft tissues and nerve roots. It is hypothesized that slight neck instability or overuse can result in remodeling of the joint. There were a larger number of dressage horses relative to the hospital population in the study and dressage horses may be at a higher risk for overuse of the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae.

Clinical signs of Osteoarthritis in the neck include: atrophy/muscle wasting (pronounced hollow in lower neck and vertebrae appear prominent), stiff neck (e.g. limited range in carrot stretch, difficulty when ridden in a “frame”) and sometimes front limb lameness that does not resolve by nerve blocking up the leg.

One of the reasons for the OVC study was the fact that previous studies have shown radiographs indicating changes in the neck of younger horses (6 to 8 years old) with no other clinical signs of osteoarthritis. Koenig has seen for herself, horses dismissed after pre-purchase exams when radiographs indicate mild osteoarthritis. When previous studies indicate 50 percent of clinically normal mature horses present with mild osteoarthritis on radiographs, a study to explore the significance was in order.

Differing opinions in classifying the severity of the stage of osteoarthritis from radiographs was revealed to be a good case for not using radiographs alone in diagnosis. “The repeatability of grading of osteoarthritis from radiographs was not reliable,” says Koenig. Two-thirds of the horses in the OVC study that were treated with intra-articular cortisone injection returned to their full level of work. The study concluded that radiographs alone were insufficient to diagnose cervical facet disease and other clinical signs (atrophy, stiffness, or lameness unresolved by nerve block) need to be present.

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Hurtig notes that many equine leg injuries can be related to the surface on which a horse is worked, in addition to how hard he is worked on that surface. When deciding if a horse is ready for more-strenuous work, it's best to use caution. It can take up to three months of prep work to get tendons and ligame ts ready for high-level performance.

He recommends that any horse that has had time off:

• Return to work slowly with lots of walking
• Increase duration and intensity of work incrementally
• Avoid trotting on hard surfaces
• Promote relaxation
• Save complex movements when first bringing a horse back into work
• Cross-train on different surfaces
• Allow time for the horse to adapt to new surfaces

Watch a video of Hurtig talking about his therapy and returning a horse to work here.

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